Au@Zr-based metal–organic framework composite as an immunosensing platform for determination of hepatitis B virus surface antigen

Abstract

An ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor has been prepared using an immunofunctionalized zirconium (Zr)-based metalorganic framework (MOF) with gold (Au) decoration Au@UiO-66(NH 2 ) composite-coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the determination of infectious hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). We fabricated GCE with specific composite via immunefunctionalization using anti-HBsAg with Au nanoparticles embedded in UiO-66(NH 2 ). The electrochemical sensing performance of the immunofunctionalized Au@UiO-66(NH 2 )/GCE with HBsAg was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Under optimized conditions, there was a linear dynamic relationship in the buffer system between the electrical signal and HBsAg levels over the range 1.13 fg mL −1 -100 ng mL −1 (R 2 = 0.999) with a detection limit of 1.13 fg mL −1 . The total analysis time was 15 min per sample. Further validations were performed with HBsAg-spiked human serum samples, and similar detection limits as in the buffer system were observed with reduced signal intensities at lower concentrations of HBsAg (1, 10, and 100 fg mL −1 ) and minimal interference. The HBsAg electrochemical immunosensing assay had good selectivity and excellent reproducibility, thereby indicating its significant potential in the super-fast diagnosis of hepatitis B.

NH2-Modified UiO-66: Structural Characteristics and Functional Properties

“…Highly dispersed Au nanoparticles were immobilized on amino-functionalized UiO-66-NH 2 MOFs via the absorption/reduction method in solution [17], with the amino functionality of the MOF being considered to rapidly coordinate with HAuCl 4 and act as the Au(0) precursor. However, the primary formation of Au NPs coated on the external surface of the MOFs was reported for Au@UiO-66-NH 2 composites prepared using similar approaches [18,19].…”

Metal‐Organic Framework‐Based Composites for Rapid and Sensitive Virus Detection: Current Status and Future Prospective

“…In this approach, synthesized MOFs are dispersed into metal NP precursors, producing MOF composites in which the majority of the metal NPs are confined within the MOFs' pores, with only a few metal NPs remaining on the MOF's surface. For instance, Bajpai et al [150] encapsulated Au NPs into UiO-66(NH 2 ) MOF by suspending them in an aqueous solution of chloroauric acid (HAuCl 4 ), forming an Au@UiO-66(NH 2 ) composite. This composite was then used as an immunosensing platform for detecting the hepatitis B virus.…”

“…Nanomaterials can enhance the sensing performance of MOFs by increasing their surface area, improving their stability, and enhancing their sensitivity and selectivity towards target viruses. For instance, the LOD of MOF-based nanocomposites-based biosensing platforms is relatively lower (in fM) in comparison with the LOD of MOF-based biosensing platforms [149,150,174,180]. Moreover, there have been various successful attempts to implement MOFs in sensing devices for detecting numerous biomolecules.…”

“…For instance, Bajpai et al. [150] encapsulated Au NPs into UiO‐66(NH 2 ) MOF by suspending them in an aqueous solution of chloroauric acid (HAuCl 4 ), forming an Au@UiO‐66(NH 2 ) composite. This composite was then used as an immunosensing platform for detecting the hepatitis B virus.…”

Metal-organic frameworks/metal nanoparticles as smart nanosensing interfaces for electrochemical sensors applications: a mini-review

“…To the best of our knowledge, there have been a large number of literature reports on the application of Au@MOFs in electrochemical sensors for the detection of different targets ( Chen et al, 2019 ; Meng X. et al, 2020 ; Bajpai et al, 2021 ; Lei et al, 2021 ). At the same time, the introduction of carbon materials can efficiently improve the conductivity of pristine MOFs and limit their growth and aggregation.…”