Au nanoparticles on graphitic petal arrays for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Rout, Chandra Sekhar; Kumar, Anurag; Xiong, Guoping; Irudayaraj, Joseph; Fisher, Timothy S.

doi:10.1063/1.3493656

Cited by 33 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogens, an unbonded electron pair is available for coordination of electrophilic species which greatly increases the electro-reactivity of the material. 26,27 A similar class of nanostructured carbon thin films, often referred to as petal-like carbon or carbon nanowalls, have been formed by a variety of methods, including microwave PECVD, [28][29][30][31] hydrogen arc discharge 32 and inductively coupled radio-frequency PECVD. 33 A thorough review of the synthesis and characterization of these materials was written by Hiramatsu and Hori 34 and is suggested for further details.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Electrochemical Characterization of Carbon Nanospike Thin Film Electrodes

Sheridan

Hensley

Lavrik

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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We report the growth of a nanospiked, carbon thin film electrode by an inexpensive, non-catalytic plasma enhanced CVD process on Si substrates. The electron transfer kinetics for various redox probes of these carbon nanospikes (CNS) were determined and compared with glassy carbon and CNS exposed to oxygen plasma or a high temperature ammonia soak. The results indicate that CNS can be used as a practical alternative to GC for various electroanalysis applications. These electrodes also exhibited activity and stability toward the oxygen reduction reaction, suggesting there potential use as electrocatalyst supports. Finally, the ability to deposit conformal thin films of CNS on a 3-D architecture for use as an electrode was demonstrated. Carbon electrodes are commonly used in electrochemical applications such as sensing and electrocatalysis. This class of electrode is often touted for being inexpensive, highly conductive, electrochemically stable, amenable to surface chemistry modifications, and having a wide electrochemical window. While the electrochemistries of standard carbon electrodes like glassy carbon and carbon black have been thoroughly studied, newly developed nanoscale carbon materials present a potent new class of carbon electrodes to explore. A great deal of attention has focused on highly ordered carbon nanomaterials like graphene 1-3 and carbon nanotubes, 4 in addition to less ordered carbons like pyrolized graphite, 5 carbon foams 6 and fibers. 7One approach to forming nanoscale carbon electrodes is through thin film deposition, which can produce free standing electrodes for easy incorporation into sensors, microelectronic components, and energy storage and conversion devices. Carbon thin films having a range of structural and electrochemical properties have been formed by techniques including photoresist pyrolysis, 8-10 sputtering, 11,12 and pulsed laser-arc deposition, 13 among others. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD), which is best known for its use in the microelectronics industry for fabricating thin films of semiconductors, metals, alloys and dielectrics, is another option for carbon thin film formation. Fundamental research into CVD technologies led to the development of numerous variations, such as metal-organic CVD (MOCVD) and plasma-enhanced CVD (PECVD). CVD in its various forms has been used since the mid-90's to synthesize nanostructured carbons including carbon nanotubes, 14 Nanostructured electrodes -those with controlled architectures at the nanoscale -often possess high surface area, tunable surface functionality, increased electrocatalytic activity, spatial control and unique diffusion properties (which can lead to higher sensitivity). 19Here we report the formation and electrochemical characterization of nanostructured carbon thin film electrodes, which we refer to as carbon nanospikes (CNS) due to the primary morphological characteristic of tapered spikes approximately 50 nm in length. The nanospikes herein are grown on Si wafer using non-catalytic PECVD in the presence of ammon...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Electrochemical Characterization of Carbon Nanospike Thin Film Electrodes

Sheridan

Hensley

Lavrik

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…The peaks can be assigned to various transition levels according to the existing literatures. 9,42,43 In brief, peak at 1192 cm À1 is associated with CH in-plane deformation of R6G, strong peaks at 1311 cm À1 and 1363 cm À1 are associated with stretching vibration of CC and CN of R6G, the other strong peak at 1510 cm À1 is due to the C-C stretching of R6G, and the prominent but weaker peaks at 1580 cm À1 , 1602 cm À1 , and 1650 cm À1 are associated with the CC stretching of R6G.…”

Section: B Sers Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Raman scattering efficiency drastically gets enhanced for rough metallic surfaces due to the strong near field localization and enhancement at the metallic sharp edges or between two closely spaced metallic nano-objects. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] A variety of patterned templates having specific metal nanostructures, such as nanorods, hemispheres, nanocrescent arrays, nanorings, dimers, nanoprisms, nanocrystals, nanoparticles in a periodic template and nanogratings [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] have been studied to optimize SERS and understand the origin of the large local fields. The surface plasmon modes associated with the metallic nanostructures have been found to enormously contribute to the SERS by giving rise to large localized electromagnetic fields.…”

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confidence: 99%

Propagating surface plasmon resonances in two-dimensional patterned gold-grating templates and surface enhanced Raman scattering

Mandal

Nandi

Ramakrishna

2012

Journal of Applied Physics

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Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from Raman active rhodamine-6G probe molecules is investigated on two-dimensional patterned gold-grating templates having submicron periodicity of 800 nm. Two-dimensional surface nano-patterning in the form of square, hexagonal, and rectangle has been obtained through cost effective laser interference lithography. We find a reproducible SERS enhancement of the order of 105 on these nano-patterned plasmonic templates, showing a slight superior result on hexagonal patterned templates. Strong localized near-fields due to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) lead to such an enhancement. We find evidence for good correlation in the SPR excitation and enhanced Raman scattering through experimental investigation by using different Raman pump excitation wavelengths of 785 nm, 633 nm, and 514 nm and different pump powers. The results are strongly supported by computer simulations of the electromagnetic fields at the pump wavelengths. Our results demonstrate that an optimized selection of the structure and pump excitation wavelength is necessary for good SERS signal.

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“…[20] However, the HSCH 2 COOoccupied the active sites on the surface of the Ag particles, thereby weakening the SERS effect. Several kinds of nanomaterials including ZnO nanorod arrays, [21] carbon nanosheets, [22] germanium nanocap arrays, [23] ZnGa 2 O 4 nanoarrays, [24] SiO 2 nanofibers or nanospheres, [25][26] silicon nanowires, [27] TiO 2 nanoarrays, [28] vanadate microspheres, [29][30] polymer spheres and arrays, [31][32] graphitic petal arrays [33] have been used as templates to fabricate such hybrid nanostructures. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] The hybrid nanostructure has advantages over the conventional pure bimetallic noble metal nanostructures, such as higher SERS activity, batter reproducibility and lower cost when used as SERS substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gallium/gold composite microspheres fixed on a silicon substrate for surface enhanced Raman scattering

Chen

Jing

et al. 2015

RSC Adv.

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Graphical AbstractGallium/gold composite microspheres fixed on silicon substrate were successfully fabricated and used as SERS substrate to detect malachite green molecules. AbstractIn this work, gallium (Ga) microspheres were successfully prepared on silicon substrate by a chemical vapor deposition method and used as templates to fabricate Au nanoparticle-coated Ga (Ga/Au) composite microspheres using an oxidation-reduction reaction between Ga and HAuCl 4 . The morphology and composition of the Ga microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray. It was found that Ga microspheres were partly embedded in the Si substrate. The possible formation mechanism was discussed.The content of Au in the composites could be modulated by controlling the reaction time. SERS measurement shows that the content of Au element in Ga/Au composite microspheres has a great effect on SERS activity. The SERS signals collected by point-to-point and SERS mapping image showed that as-prepared composites exhibit good spatial uniformity and reproducibility. Detection of malachite green molecules with a low concentration (1.0 × 10 -10 M) was used as an example to show the possible application of such substrate.

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Au nanoparticles on graphitic petal arrays for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Cited by 33 publications

References 23 publications

Growth and Electrochemical Characterization of Carbon Nanospike Thin Film Electrodes

Growth and Electrochemical Characterization of Carbon Nanospike Thin Film Electrodes

Propagating surface plasmon resonances in two-dimensional patterned gold-grating templates and surface enhanced Raman scattering

Gallium/gold composite microspheres fixed on a silicon substrate for surface enhanced Raman scattering

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