BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is a global public health emergency. Data on the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy are limited to small case series. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes in pregnancy and the vertical transmission potential of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.

To the Editor: Despite the large and rapidly rising number of cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) and resulting deaths, 1 there are limited data about the clinical characteristics of pregnant women with the disease. 2,3 We extracted information regarding epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory, and radiologic characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of pregnant women with Covid-19 through the epidemic reporting system of the National Health Commission of China, which stores the medical records of all 50 designated hospitals in Wuhan city. From December 8, 2019, to March 20, 2020, we identified 118 pregnant women with Covid-19 in Wuhan according to the criteria of the Chinese Clinical Guidance for Covid-19 Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment; 84 women (71%) had positive polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the remaining 34 (29%) had suggestive findings on computed tomography (CT) of the chest. Criteria for mild, severe, and critical disease and other methodologic details are provided in the Supplementary Appendix, available with the full text of this letter at NEJM.org. The pregnant patients represented 0.24% of all reported patients with Covid-19 at these hospitals during this time. The median age of the women was 31 years (interquartile range, 28 to 34); 55 of 106 (52%) were nulliparous, and 75 of 118 (64%) had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the third trimester. The most common symptoms in 112 women with available data were fever (in 75%) and cough (in 73%) (Table 1). Lymphopenia was present in 51 of 116 patients (44%). A total of 88 of the 111 women (79%) who underwent chest CT had infiltrates in both lungs. Additional clinical data are provided in the Supplementary Appendix. * The denominators of patients who were included in each analysis are provided if they differed from the total numbers in the relevant study group. Percentages may not total 100 because of rounding. Covid-19 denotes coronavirus disease 2019, and IQR interquartile range. † Asymptomatic patients were screened because of exposure to persons with confirmed or suspected Covid-19. ‡ The signs and symptoms listed include those reported to occur before admission and during hospitalization. Data were extracted from the medical record and may not reflect complete accounting of symptoms. § The reason that there were 70 live births but 68 deliveries was that there were 2 sets of twins. ¶ These abortions were induced because of the patient's concern about Covid-19. ‖ The data shown are as of March 20, 2020. ** The Apgar score at 1 minute was available for 66 babies.

This study aimed to compare clinical courses and outcomes between pregnant and reproductive-aged non-pregnant women with COVID-19, and to assess the vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 in pregnancy. Methods: Medical records of pregnant and reproductive-aged non-pregnant women hospitalized with COVID-19 from January 15 to March 15, 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The severity of disease, virus clearance time, and length of hospital stay were measured as the primary objective, while the vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 was also assessed. Results: Eighty-two patients (28 pregnant women, 54 reproductive-aged non-pregnant women) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled in this study. Univariate regression indicated no association between pregnancy and severity of disease (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.08-5.15; p = 0.76), virus clearance time (HR 1.16, 95% CI 0.65-2.01; p = 0.62), and length of hospital stay (HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.66-1.84; p = 0.71). Of the pregnant women, 22 delivered 23 live births, either by cesarean section (17, 60.7%) or vaginal delivery (5, 17.9%), and no neonate was infected with SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: Pregnant women have comparable clinical courses and outcomes with reproductive-aged non-pregnant women when infected with SARS-CoV-2. No evidence supported vertical transmission of COVID-19 in the late stage of pregnancy, including vaginal delivery.

The rapid development of miniaturized electronic devices has led to a growing need for rechargeable micropower sources with high performance. Among different sources, electrochemical microcapacitors or microsupercapacitors provide higher power density than their counterparts and are gaining increased interest from the research and engineering communities. To date, little work has appeared on the integration of microsupercapacitors onto a chip or flexible substrates. This review provides an overview of research on microsupercapacitors, with particular emphasis on state‐of‐the‐art graphene‐based electrodes and solid‐state devices on both flexible and rigid substrates. The advantages, disadvantages, and performance of graphene‐based microsupercapacitors are summarized and new trends in materials, fabrication and packaging are identified.