Atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis in a semiarid region of north-west Costa Rica

Ze­l­e­dón­, Rodri­go; Hidalgo, Harry Hidalgo; Víquez, Abel; Urbina, Andrea

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(89)90328-3

Cited by 57 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…3,4 Our data from a household survey in an endemic community revealed a prevalence of approximately 10%. This is consistent with the high numbers of cases reported in affected areas in Honduras (Ponce C, unpublished data) and Costa Rica.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is consistent with the high numbers of cases reported in affected areas in Honduras (Ponce C, unpublished data) and Costa Rica. 4 Given the apparent high frequency of ACL among affected populations, as awareness of ACL increases, these case reports could reach significant proportions in other regions where L. chagasi is endemic (e.g., Central America, Brazil, Colombia).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Widespread atypical cutaneous Leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (L.) Chagasi in Nicaragua.

Belli¹,

Garcia²,

Palacios³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Leishmania chagasi, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the Americas, has recently been associated with atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in Central America; however, little comprehensive information about this disease is available. Clinical, epidemiologic, and parasitologic characteristics of 252 ACL cases and 44 VL cases in Nicaragua were analyzed. Visceral leishmaniasis is primarily associated with malnourished children less than five years of age, whereas ACL is found predominantly in children greater than five years of age and young adults. Genetically similar parasites are associated with both disease manifestations. The sand fly Lutzomyia evansi, in addition to Lu. longipalpis, may be involved in transmission of L. chagasi to humans. Our results indicate that ACL is more prevalent than previously thought, affecting up to 10% of a local population. The fact that the same parasite appears to cause both ACL and the potentially fatal visceral disease suggests that the host immune response is critical in determining the outcome of L. chagasi infection. The public health implications of the widespread presence of L. chagasi are discussed.Parasitic protozoa of the genus Leishmania are responsible for a group of diseases that constitute an important public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Leishmaniasis presents a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, depending on the species of the parasite, the host immune response, and possibly factors in the saliva of the sand fly vector.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widespread atypical cutaneous Leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (L.) Chagasi in Nicaragua.

Belli¹,

Garcia²,

Palacios³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Although infection with L. i. chagasi is predominately associated with a visceral disease, the same parasite has been shown to produce only non-ulcerative cutaneous lesions in Costa Rica (Zeledón et al 1989), while in Honduras it may cause both visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis in the same focus (Ponce et al 1991). The saliva of Lu.…”

Section: The Influence Of the Saliva Of Lu Longipalpis Sl On Infecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lutzomyia longipalpis and the eco-epidemiology of American visceral leishmaniasis, with particular reference to Brazil: a review

Lainson

Rangel

2005

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

400

248

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“…5,6 However, in Central America, infections also frequently result in cutaneous disease. [7][8][9] The most important vector of Leishmania d. chagasi is the phlebotomine sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva). [10][11][12][13] It was first described from specimens collected in São Paulo Bosque de Saúde (no longer in existence), 100 km north northwest of Belo Horizonte at the Caves of Maquiné (Cordisburgo) and at a ranch near the river port of Benjamin Constant (Além Paraíba, 140 km northeast of Rio de Janeiro) Fazenda Ouro Fino.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic variability in biochemical characters of Brazilian field populations of the Leishmania vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae).

Mukhopadhyay¹,

Ghosh²,

Rangel³

et al. 1998

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The phlebotomine sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis is the insect vector of visceral leishmaniasis, a protozoan disease of increasing incidence and distribution in Central and South America. Electrophoretic allele frequencies of 15 enzyme loci were compared among the L. longipalpis populations selected across its distribution range in Brazil. The mean heterozygosity of two colonized geographic strains (one each from Colombia and Brazil) were 6% and 13% respectively, with 1.6-1.9 alleles detected per locus. In contrast, among the seven widely separated field populations, the mean heterozygosity ranged from 11% to 16% with 2.1-2.9 alleles per locus. No locus was recovered that was diagnostic for any of the field populations. Allelic frequency differences among five field strains from the Amazon basin and eastern coastal Brazil were very low, with Nei's genetic distances of less than 0.01 separating them. The two inland and southerly samples from Minas Gerais (Lapinha) and Bahia (Jacobina) states were more distinctive with genetic distances of 0.024-0.038 and 0.038-0.059, respectively, when compared with the five other samples. These differences were the consequence of several high frequency alleles (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [Gpd 1.69 ] and phosphoglucomutase [Pgm 1.69 ]) relatively uncommon in other strains. The low genetic distances, absence of diagnostic loci, and the distribution of genes in geographic space indicate L. longipalpis of Brazil to be a single, but genetically heterogeneous, polymorphic species.American visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) is a fatal disease in the New World tropics. Approximately 1.6 million people are at risk of infection with this disease and on average, 16,000 cases are reported annually. 1,2 More than 90% of human cases occur in Brazil. 3,4 Visceral leishmaniasis in humans is caused by the kinetoplastid protozoan Leishmania donovani chagasi Cunha and Chagas. 5,6 However, in Central America, infections also frequently result in cutaneous disease. [7][8][9] The most important vector of Leishmania d. chagasi is the phlebotomine sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva). 10-13 It was first described from specimens collected in São Paulo Bosque de Saúde (no longer in existence), 100 km north northwest of Belo Horizonte at the Caves of Maquiné (Cordisburgo) and at a ranch near the river port of Benjamin Constant (Além Paraíba, 140 km northeast of Rio de Janeiro) Fazenda Ouro Fino. 14,15 It occurs from southern Mexico to northern Argentina in discontinuous distributions. 16 In Brazil, L. longipalpis has been recorded in habitats ranging from heavily populated urban centers to rural, periurban areas in a wide variety of ecotopes including mountain ranges to the east and the Amazon river basin covering most of the north and central Brazil. Therefore, the sand flies survive in a variety of habitats and sometimes in zones where formidable barriers prevent their migration. Since they have a limited flight range, rarely migrating more than 100 meters, the widely separ...

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Atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis in a semiarid region of north-west Costa Rica

Cited by 57 publications

References 4 publications

Widespread atypical cutaneous Leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (L.) Chagasi in Nicaragua.

Widespread atypical cutaneous Leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (L.) Chagasi in Nicaragua.

Lutzomyia longipalpis and the eco-epidemiology of American visceral leishmaniasis, with particular reference to Brazil: a review

Genetic variability in biochemical characters of Brazilian field populations of the Leishmania vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae).

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