Lutzomyia longipalpis and the eco-epidemiology of American visceral leishmaniasis, with particular reference to Brazil: a review

Lainson, Ralph; Rangel, Elizabeth Ferreira

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762005000800001

Cited by 391 publications

(290 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…The last two species presented lower relative abundance in relation to the first one, responsible by the great dominance index values in both rural and urban areas. In spite of epidemic AVL scenario at several cities of Brazil (Gontijo and Melo 2004), the main vector at northern country, L. longipalpis, is an inherently sylvatic species, caught also in intact forests with no human domicile nearby (Lainson and Rangel 2005). The transmission cycle of AVL was initially restricted to wild and rural areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of sand flies in domiciliary environment of Santarém, state of Pará, Brazil: species composition and abundance patterns in rural and urban areas

Feitosa

Julião

Costa³

et al. 2012

Acta Amaz.

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This paper aimed to evaluate the richness, abundance and frequency of sand fly occurrence in rural and urban areas American visceral leishmaniasis -AVL is endemic in the study area of Santarém municipality, Pará state. Sand flies were collected during 1995-2000, using CDC light traps placed in neighborhoods and rural areas of the municipality. A total of 53.454 individuals and 26 species of sand flies were collected. The most abundant species in both urban and rural environments was Lutzomyia longipalpis, vector of AVL in the area. The highest species richness by capture was in rural area. In all years sampled, the largest number of species of sand fly collected was always in rural areas. The species of sand flies in urban and rural area were similar in 11 species. In the rural area other 11 species were found, a total of 22 species. Shannon-Wiener index ranged from 0.12 to 0.84 at rural areas and 0.08 to 0.34 at urban ones. In general, rural localities showed higher diversity (H') of phlebotomines than urban ones. Individual-based rarefaction curves for each area demonstrated that urban localities had the lowest expected number of phlebotomine species and the richest rural ones reach higher expected values with lower amount of individuals than urban sites. The most frequent species were Lutzomyia longipalpis, Evandromyia carmelinoi and Bichromomyia flaviscutellata. Com o objetivo de comparar a riqueza, abundância e freqüência de ocorrência de flebotomíneos em sítios rurais e urbanos numa área endêmica de leishmaniose visceral no município de Santarém (PA) foi realizado no período entre 1995-2000, capturas de flebotomíneos por meio de armadilhas luminosas CDC montadas no ambiente domiciliar em diferentes bairros e localidades rurais do município. Foram capturados 53.454 indivíduos, de 26 espécies e dentre elas, a mais abundante, tanto em ambiente urbano e rural, foi Lutzomyia longipalpis, vetor da leishmaniose visceral americana na região. Em todos os anos de amostragem, a maior riqueza de espécies por captura foi obtida em áreas rurais. As áreas rurais e urbanas compartilharam onze espécies de flebotomíneos; enquanto este mesmo número de espécies foi exclusivo em áreas rurais. Os índices de ShannonWiener variaram de 0,12 a 0,84 nas localidades rurais e de 0,08 a 0,34 nas áreas urbanas. Em geral, as áreas rurais apresentaram maior diversidade de flebotomíneos comparado às áreas urbanas. As curvas de rarefação baseadas em indivíduos revelaram um rápido aumento no número esperado de espécies em localidades rurais, indicando que amostras com menor quantidade de indivíduos nestas áreas atingem maior riqueza de espécies. As espécies mais freqüentes durante o período de amostragem foram Lutzomyia longipalpis, Evandromyia carmelinoi e Bichromomyia flaviscutellata.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of sand flies in domiciliary environment of Santarém, state of Pará, Brazil: species composition and abundance patterns in rural and urban areas

Feitosa

Julião

Costa³

et al. 2012

Acta Amaz.

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“…Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi (syn. L. infantum) is the etiological agent responsible for the disease, and Lutzomyia longipalpis has been identified as the main transmitting vector 12,20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: study of methods for the detection of IgG in serum and eluate samples

Figueiredo

Madeira

Nascimento

et al. 2010

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYThe Brazilian Ministry of Health recommends the culling and euthanasia of dogs with a positive serological test for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). In the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, the technique used for the diagnosis of CVL is the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), using blood samples eluted on filter paper (eluate). A dog survey was conducted over a period of one year in the region of Carapiá, in order to evaluate the diagnosis of CVL in this region. All animals underwent clinical examination, and blood samples (serum and eluate) were collected for analysis by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and IFAT. A skin biopsy was obtained for parasitological examination (culture). A total of 305 animals were studied and Leishmania chagasi was isolated from nine animals. Sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 96.6% for ELISA, respectively, 100% and 65.5% for IFAT (cut-off at a 1:40 dilution), 100% and 83.4% for IFAT (cut-off at a 1:80 dilution), and 22.2% and 97.0% for eluate IFAT. In conclusion, ELISA was the best tool for the diagnosis of CVL among the serological techniques tested. The present results suggest the need for a better evaluation of filter paper IFAT as the only diagnostic method for CVL in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro.

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“…The etiological agent in the region is Leishmania infantum (syn. chagasi); the most frequent vector is Lutzomyia longipalpis, and the main reservoir in urban areas is the domestic dog Canis familiaris 8,11 . VL presents an annual world incidence estimated at approximately 500,000 cases and mortality of 59,000 26 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Distribution of Phlebotominae in Puerto Iguazu-Misiones, Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay Border Area

Santini

Gould

Acosta

et al. 2013

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARY The first Argentinian autochthonous human case of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was confirmed in Posadas (Misiones) in 2006. Since then, the disease has increased its incidence and geographical distribution. In the 2006-2012 period, 107 human cases were detected (11 deaths). The presence of Lutzomyia longipalpis was detected in peridomiciles in Puerto Iguazú urban area in 2010; some of these findings were associated with households where cases of canine VL had already been reported. The objective of this study was to ascertain the abundance and spatial distribution of Lu. longipalpis in Puerto Iguazú City, on the Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay border. Lu. longipalpis proved to be exclusively urban and was found in 31% of the households sampled (n = 53), 67% of which belonged to areas of low abundance, 20% to areas of moderate abundance and 13% to areas of high abundance. Nyssomyia whitmani was the only species found both in urban and peri-urban environments, and Migonemyia migonei was registered only on the outskirts of the city. Due to the fact that Puerto Iguazú is considered to be at moderate risk at the moment, it is necessary to intensify human and canine case controls, as well as take integrated prevention and control measures regarding the environment, vectors and reservoirs on the Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay border area.

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Lutzomyia longipalpis and the eco-epidemiology of American visceral leishmaniasis, with particular reference to Brazil: a review

Abstract: An historical review is given of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL),

Cited by 391 publications

References 93 publications

Diversity of sand flies in domiciliary environment of Santarém, state of Pará, Brazil: species composition and abundance patterns in rural and urban areas

Diversity of sand flies in domiciliary environment of Santarém, state of Pará, Brazil: species composition and abundance patterns in rural and urban areas

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: study of methods for the detection of IgG in serum and eluate samples

Spatial Distribution of Phlebotominae in Puerto Iguazu-Misiones, Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay Border Area

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