Attributes of Natural Enemies in Ephemeral Crop Habitats

Wiedenmann, Robert N.; Smith, James W.

doi:10.1006/bcon.1997.0544

Cited by 95 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Such factors include adverse climate and microclimate, scarcity of water and supplemental foods like nectar and pollen, competition, intraguild predation, physical and chemical attributes of the crop plant, lack of sufficient shelter, adverse cultural practices, and use of insecticides (DeBach and Hagen, 1964;van den Bosch and Telford, 1964). These problems are further exacerbated in annually disturbed cropping systems (Ehler and Miller, 1978;Wiedenmann and Smith, 1997) where infestations of B. tabaci are typically most severe.…”

Section: Manipulation: Can Disruption To Biological Control Be Minimimentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation and evaluation of natural enemies in IPM systems for Bemisia tabaci

2001

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Conservation biological control emphasizes the preservation and enhancement of natural enemies and is the cornerstone of all approaches to biological control. This review critically examines recent and current research efforts in conservation biological control by predators and parasitoids of Bemisia tabaci worldwide. A large number of natural enemy species have been identified from many agricultural systems. Further research has demonstrated that these natural enemies may act along with other mortality agents to inflict high levels of mortality on populations of B. tabaci. Less effort has been placed on determining the factors constraining or potentially enhancing biological control. The widespread use of broad-spectrum insecticides in many crops has severely hampered the contribution of predators and parasitoids to pest suppression. However, the arsenal of selective insecticides has grown in the past decade and their increased usage may permit the true integration of biological control into IPM systems. The effects of species interactions (e.g., intraguild predation) and host-plant attributes on disruption of biological control are poorly understood in most systems. Research in the area of habitat manipulation and enhancement is minimal. Very little research has addressed the evaluation of natural enemy effects on B. tabaci population dynamics in any system. As a result our ability to predict and exploit these effects for pest suppression are limited. Problems in estimating and interpreting parasitism are highlighted. Recent life table studies of B. tabaci in Arizona cotton are summarized to demonstrate how integration of natural enemies with use of selective insecticides resulted in the development of an efficient pest management system. Avenues for future research are discussed that may enhance the use of conservation biological control as a key tactic in IPM of B. tabaci. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

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Section: Manipulation: Can Disruption To Biological Control Be Minimimentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation and evaluation of natural enemies in IPM systems for Bemisia tabaci

2001

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“…Insect predators are frequently reckoned as effective regulators of insect pest populations (DeBach and Rosen, 1991;Price, 1997;Obrycki, 1998;Cardoso and Lazzari, 2003;Padmalatha et al, 2003), which has led their increasing use in insect pest management programs (Wiedenmann and Smith, 1997;Riudavets and Castane, 1998). This occurs mainly due to the current need to reduce the exclusive use of insecticides for pest control, as well as to avoid increments in doses or utilization of highly toxic chemicals (Gravena, 1989).…”

Section: Introdutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Functional response curves refer to the change in the number of prey eaten per predator per time unit, as a function of prey density (Gitonga et al, 2002). Such curves uncover prey-predator interactions, allowing forecasting the suitability of a predator as a biological control agent (Wiedenmann and Smith, 1997). This work aimed to investigate the suitability of E. connexa as a biological control agent for the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the mite Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae), which are important solanaceous crops pests in Brazil (Flechtmann 1983, Maluf et al 2001, Boll and Lapchin 2002).…”

Section: Introdutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional response of the predator Eriopis connexa (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to different prey types

Sarmento

Pallini

Venzon

et al. 2007

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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“…Menurut Wiedenmann & Smith (1997), Wissinger (1997), Herlinda & Effendy (2003), artropoda predator mempunyai kemampuan untuk menyesuaikan diri di ekosistem efemeral. Lahan pinggir di sekitar pertanaman padi dapat berfungsi sebagai tempat berlindung dan sumber musuh alami pertanaman padi pada musim berikutnya.Dengan demikian, musuh alami pada ekosistem tersebut tetap eksis dan berperan dalam menekan populasi hama padi.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Analisis kemiripan komunitas artropoda predator hama padi penghuni permukaan tanah sawah rawa lebak dengan lahan pinggir di sekitarnya

Effendy

Hety

Herlind

et al. 2013

jei

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Analisis kemiripan komunitas artropoda predator hama padi penghuni permukaan tanah sawah rawa lebak dengan lahan pinggir di sekitarnyaSimilarity analysis of predatory arthropods inhabiting the surface area of swampy rice field and its surrounding ABSTRAKDi Sumatera Selatan luas lahan rawa lebak 1,4 juta ha, 12% dimanfaatkan sebagai sawah dan perkebunan, sisanya belum dikelola. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kemiripan komunitas artropoda predator penghuni permukaan tanah sawah rawa lebak dengan lahan pinggir yang berada di sekitarnya. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Ogan Ilir, Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin, dan Kota Palembang, Sumatera Selatan. Di setiap lokasi dipilih empat tipe habitat rawa lebak, berupa pertanaman padi, semak-semak, padang ilalang, dan hamparan gulma berdaun lebar. Pengambilan sampel artropoda predator penghuni tanah menggunakan perangkap sumuran. Pemasangan perangkap dilakukan sebanyak lima kali, yaitu 15 hari sebelum padi ditanam, saat tanaman padi berumur 1, 2, dan 3 bulan, serta 15 hari setelah panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelimpahan relatif artropoda predator di permukaan tanah di pertanaman padi adalah 95,03% dan di habitat lahan pinggir disekitar pertanaman padi adalah 95,12-97,21%. Keanekaragaman spesies artropoda predator di permukaan tanah pada habitat padi dengan habitat lahan pingir menunjukkan tingkat kemiripan 0,73-0,84. Habitat lahan pinggir di sekitar pertanaman padi dapat menjadi penampung artropoda predator dan sumber musuh alami hama tanaman padi pada musim tanam padi berikutnya. Kata kunci: padi, lahan persawahan, pengendalian hayati ABSTRACTThere are approximately 1.4 million hectares of swampy area in South Sumatera, but only 12% of those are being used as farm and plantation. The purpose of this research was to investigate the similarity of arthropod community inhabiting swampy rice field and its surrounding area. This research was conducted in South Sumatera Province covering regency of Musi Banyuasin and Palembang. Four types of swampy area were selected from each location, i.e. rice field, thicket, bush, and swampy land inhabited by broad-leaf weeds. Pitfall trap used to collect arthropod and it installed at five different times. i.e. 15 days before rice planting, one month, two months, and three months after planting, and 15 days after harvest time. The result showed that relative abundance of predatory arthropod dwelling soil in rice field was 95.03%, and habitat surrounding rice field was 95.12-97.21%. The level of similarity of arthropod species between rice field ecosystem and PENDAHULUANLuas lahan rawa lebak di Sumatera Selatan ada sekitar 1,4 juta ha, 12% dimanfaatkan sebagai lahan pertanian, berupa sawah, lahan perkebunan, dan sisanya masih belum dikelola (BPS 2007). Di ekosistem sawah rawa lebak Sumatera Selatan belum pernah dilaporkan terjadinya peledakan populasi hama padi. Diduga hal itu ada kaitannya dengan budi daya tanaman padi di sawah rawa lebak Sumatera Selatan yang tidak mengaplikasikan pestisida.Tumbuhan liar berupa tumbuhan semak semusi...

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Attributes of Natural Enemies in Ephemeral Crop Habitats

Cited by 95 publications

References 36 publications

Conservation and evaluation of natural enemies in IPM systems for Bemisia tabaci

Conservation and evaluation of natural enemies in IPM systems for Bemisia tabaci

Functional response of the predator Eriopis connexa (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to different prey types

Analisis kemiripan komunitas artropoda predator hama padi penghuni permukaan tanah sawah rawa lebak dengan lahan pinggir di sekitarnya

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