Attraction of AdultRhagoletis indifferens(Diptera: Tephritidae) to Unbaited and Odor-baited Red Spheres and Yellow Rectangles

Abstract

Five sizes of red spheres (4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 cm diameter) and 2 orientations of yellow rectangles (vertical and V) were evaluated as unbaited sticky-coated traps for western cherry fruit flies, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, in unmanaged cherry trees in Washington and Oregon. Red spheres that were 10 cm in diameter attracted more flies than red spheres that were 8 or 12 cm in diameter and significantly more flies than 4- or 6-cm spheres and yellow rectangles of either orientation. In a 2nd test, red spheres (10 cm diameter) baited with ammonium carbonate alone or ammonium carbonate plus putrescine attracted significantly more R. indifferens than similar spheres baited with ammonium acetate alone, putrescine alone, 3-methyl-1-butanol alone, or combinations of these substances. In a 3rd test, vertical yellow rectangles baited with ammonium carbonate alone attracted numerically more R. indifferens than any of the aforementioned substances alone or in combination. We discuss the potential value of 10-cm red spheres baited with ammonium carbonate for monitoring and direct control of R. indifferens.

Evaluation of Yellow Rectangle Traps Coated With Hot Melt Pressure Sensitive Adhesive and Sticky Gel Against Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae)

“…Yellow plywood boards have been shown to be more attractive to R. indifferens than red, green, and orange boards (Frick et al 1954). Various other traps, most coated with SG, have been evaluated against R. indifferens and include cylindrical food cartons (Frick 1952, Frick et al 1954; yellow spheres (AliNiazee 1981); McPhail, Rebell, funnel, and bell traps (Burditt 1988); and different sizes of red spheres and V-oriented yellow rectangles (Mayer et al 2000). Bell traps (Burditt 1988) and red spheres (Mayer et al 2000) with SG were shown to capture more R. indifferens than yellow rectangles with SG.…”

Two Low-Cost Food Attractants for Capturing <I>Toxotrypana curvicauda</I> (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Field

“…This might explain in part, why females responded more strongly to brown sugar. The fact that females of many fruit ßy species exhibit a stronger response to various food-based attractants than males had been previously documented with A. ludens (McPhail 1937), A. obliqua (Aluja et al 1989), Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) (Davis et al 1984), Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Cornelius et al 1999(Cornelius et al , 2000Alyokhin et al 2000), Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Flath et al 1994), Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) (Broumas and Haniotakis 1994), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Epsky et al 1999), Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) Economopoulos 1975, Haniotakis et al 1991), and Rhagoletis indifferens (Curran) (Mayer et al 2000). Seemingly, T. curvicauda females exhibit a stronger response than males, not only toward food attractants but also to sex attractants, as demonstrated by Landolt et al (1988).…”

Attractiveness of Various Combinations of Colors and Shapes to Females and Males of <I>Bactrocera minax</I> (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a Commercial Mandarin Grove in Bhutan

“…Also, future attractancy studies on B. minax should include the combination of chemical cues, such as host fruit odors and ammonia-based compounds, with visual cues. This approach has shown promise for monitoring and Þeld pest management in R. pomonella (Duan and Prokopy 1992), C. capitata (Epsky and Heath 1998), R. cerasi (Katsoyannos et al 2000), and R. indifferens (Mayer et al 2000).…”

“…The most comprehensive research has been carried out by R. J. Prokopy, specializing on the role of insect vision in host plant detection and selection, especially in Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Prokopy and Owens 1983). More recent research by Duan and Prokopy (1992) on R. pomonella, Mayer et al (2000) on Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, Katsoyannos et al (2000) on Rhagoletis cerasi (L.), and Barry et al (2004) on Rhagoletis mendax Curran demonstrated that each species has a preference for spheres of a particular diameter and that the preferred colored sphere could be enhanced in attractiveness by the addition of certain chemical lures, particularly compounds that released ammonia.…”