Attomole Biomolecule Mass Analysis by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance

Solouki, Touradj; Marto, Jarrod A.; White, Forest M.; Guan, Shengheng; Marshall, Alan G.

doi:10.1021/ac00118a017

Cited by 82 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…FT ICR is by far the most-sensitive device currently available; it can detect ions at attomole levels (Solouki et al, 1995;Hannis & Muddiman, 2001;Quenzer et al, 2001). However, its cost remains prohibitive for many research laboratories.…”

Section: Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of new methodologies for the mass spectrometry study of bioorganic macromolecules

Cristoni

Bernardi

2003

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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I. Introduction 370 II. Techniques That Are Usually Employed in the Study of Bioorganic Macromolecules 371 A. Proteins and Peptides 371 B. Oligonucleotides 374 C. Oligosaccharides and Glycoconjugates 375 D. Various Complexes (DNA–Protein, Antigen–Antibody, Macromolecules–Metals) 377 III. Common Problems and Developments in the Analysis of Bioorganic Macromolecules by Mass Spectrometry 377 A. Ionization Source Problems and Developments 377 1. Sensitivity 377 2. Problems with Buffers 379 3. Multicharge Effect 381 B. Mass Analyzer Problems and Developments 381 1. Linear Dynamic Range 381 2. Tandem Mass Spectrometry 382 3. Sensitivity 382 4. Resolution 383 5. Mass Accuracy 383 IV. New Promising Technologies 384 A. Interfaces and Ionization Sources 384 1. Improvements in the Coupling of Liquid‐Phase Separation Systems to Mass Spectrometry 384 2. AP‐MALDI 384 3. Deprotonant Agents 385 4. Sonic Spray Ionization 388 5. APCI without Corona Discharge 391 B. Mass Analyzers 393 1. Linear Quadrupole Ion Trap 394 2. TOF Analyzers with New Detectors 395 3. Multiple Mass Analyzers 396 V. Software for Data Treatment 397 VI. Conclusions and Future Developments 399 Acknowledgments 400 References 400 In recent years, mass spectrometry has been increasingly used for the analysis of various macromolecules of biological, biomedical, and biochemical interest. This increase has been made possible by two key developments: the advent of electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) sources. The two new techniques produce a significant increase in mass range and in sensitivity that led to the development of new applications and of new analyzer designs, software, and robotics. This review, apart from the description of the status of mass spectrometry in the analysis of bioorganic macromolecules, is mainly devoted to the illustration of the more recent promising techniques and on their possible future evolution. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 22:369–406, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mas.10062

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Section: Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of new methodologies for the mass spectrometry study of bioorganic macromolecules

Cristoni

Bernardi

2003

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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“…One approach minimizes dispersion of sample materials by etching or drilling small channels on the target [1,2] or using hydrophobic materials as MALDI plate surfaces [3][4][5][6]. A second approach uses microdispensing, including use of capillary tubes [7][8][9][10], piezoelectric techniques [11][12][13][14], electrodynamic methods [15], and acoustic ejection [16].…”

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confidence: 99%

Improving the signal intensity and sensitivity of MALDI mass spectrometry by using nanoliter spots deposited by induction-based fluidics

Sauter²,

Gross

2008

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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A new contact-free, small droplet deposition method using an induction-based fluidics (IBF) technique to dispense nanoliter drops is described and evaluated for sample preparation in matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). The signal intensities available when using nanoliter spots are greater than those obtained with normal, microliter spots when the same amount of analyte is used. When using an ionic-liquid matrix, the improvement in sensitivity is equal to the concentration enhancement that was achieved by using smaller quantities of matrix. When using a conventional solid matrix, however, the increase in signal intensity shows a more complicated relationship to concentration. The approach of nanoliter deposition also supports multiple spotting to increase sample concentration and, thus, sample signal intensity. Nanoliter spotting not only improves the signal intensity and sensitivity achieved by MALDI-MS but also allows a major fraction of trace samples to be saved for other experiments, thus expanding the application of MALDI-MS to biological studies where sample quantity is limited. A lthough matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has wide applicability to biological and synthetic polymers, obtaining high-quality MS signals when the quantity of sample is small is difficult-a challenge that is endemic in biological studies. A limited sample amount gives rise to poor signal intensity, hampering spectra interpretation, unknown identification, and quantification, thus limiting the application in biological studies. One way to increase the signal intensity without increasing the sample amount is to make MALDI spots smaller and more concentrated.Small-scale sample preparation on a MALDI target has been achieved in several ways. One approach minimizes dispersion of sample materials by etching or drilling small channels on the target [1, 2] or using hydrophobic materials as MALDI plate surfaces [3][4][5][6]. A second approach uses microdispensing, including use of capillary tubes [7][8][9][10], piezoelectric techniques [11][12][13][14], electrodynamic methods [15], and acoustic ejection [16]. This general approach improves MALDI for imaging [14,16], on-line analysis [13,17], and concentration enhancement by microextraction [10]. Common in both approaches [1-12, 15, 17] is the concept that the sensitivity of MALDI-MS increases when small sample spots are used and that the search for "hot spots" within the sample area becomes more productive when solid matrices are used. Our approach of using small volumes of concentrated analytes is motivated by the concept of purposefully creating a "hot spot."Herein, we describe an approach by which a nanoliter syringe and induction-based fluidics (IBF) deposit small-volume droplets (in the nanoliter range) in a noncontact, flight-controlled way. Using this technique, we first investigated the relationship between the spot size and signal intensity with an ionic-liquid matrix (ILM), taking advantage of the homo...

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“…Analyte concentrations in the 10-100 picomoV/l1 range were not uncommon initially. Recent advances in sample preparation such as the rapid evaporation method [4], small sample spotting [5,6], picoliter vials [7], and specially prepared membrane surface targets [8], have resulted in increased sensitivity for the detection of attomole concentrations of peptides and proteins. In addition, improvements in time-of-flight analyzer technology have further aided MALDI MS in achieving high sensitivities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Sensitivity ESI MS and MALDI MS

Farmer¹,

Caprioli²

1997

Selected Topics in Mass Spectrometry in the Biomolecular Sciences

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The increase in the use of electro spray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) in the biomedical sciences has fueled an intense interest in analyzing smaller and smaller amounts of sample. Increases in sensitivity have allowed the analysis of samples in the low femtomole to subattomole range. This has been accomplished primarily by changes in the capillary size fsr ESI MS and in sample deposition methods for MALDI MS.

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Attomole Biomolecule Mass Analysis by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance

Cited by 82 publications

References 2 publications

Development of new methodologies for the mass spectrometry study of bioorganic macromolecules

Development of new methodologies for the mass spectrometry study of bioorganic macromolecules

Improving the signal intensity and sensitivity of MALDI mass spectrometry by using nanoliter spots deposited by induction-based fluidics

High Sensitivity ESI MS and MALDI MS

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