Attitudinal Body-Image Assessment: Factor Analysis of the Body-Self Relations Questionnaire

Brown, Timothy A.; Cash, Thomas F.; Mikulka, Peter J.

doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa5501&2_13

Cited by 643 publications

(111 citation statements)

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“…The 34-item Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) -Appearance Scales (Cash, 2000) assess body image evaluation as well as body image investment. The scale was designed for use in both male and female populations and research suggests that this measure is valid and reliable in both male and female For confirmation of factor structures, please see Brown, Cash, and Mikulka (1990). The MBSRQ-AS measures the following body evaluation subscales (internal consistency measures for the present study are presented in parentheses following each subscale sample item): self-classified weight (2 items; e.g., "I think I am… 1=very underweight; 5=very overweight"; roverall = .67; rwomen = .67; r men = .69), and appearance evaluation (7 items; e.g., "Most people would consider me good looking"; 1=definitely disagree; 5=definitely agree; overall = .89; women = .88; men = .89).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do body image investment and evaluation relate to bulimic symptoms in U.S. collegiate men and women in the same way?

Pritchard

2014

Psychology of Men & Masculinity

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Although research suggests that body image investment (i.e., drive for muscularity, orientation toward appearance, preoccupation with weight or weight gain) and body image evaluation factors (e.g., negative evaluations of appearance, overestimation of current weight) correlate with bulimic symptoms, the magnitude of these relationships may differ between men and women. The relationship between bulimic symptoms and the drive for muscularity, one form of body image investment theorized to be particularly relevant to men, is understudied in college students. This study examined bulimic symptoms, body image investment, and body image evaluation in American undergraduate students (84 men, 198 women). Bulimic symptoms were negatively associated with appearance evaluation and positively associated with appearance orientation, weight preoccupation and weight overestimation in both men and women. Bulimic symptoms were positively associated with the drive for muscularity in men, but not in women. Awareness of the relationships between bulimic symptoms and body image investment and evaluation may help identify those at risk for bulimic symptoms.Keywords: sex, bulimic symptoms, the drive for muscularity, body image investment, body image evaluation Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviors such as purging, fasting, the use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics, and over exercising to burn excess calories (American Psychiatric Association, APA, 2000). Bulimia nervosa can lead to a variety of health risks, including damage to dental enamel and gum tissue (Mehler, 2011;Pomery & Mitchell, 2001), gastro-intestinal problems (Mehler, 2011;Pomery & Mitchell, 2001), and death (Crow et al., 2009). Although eating disorders have long been perceived to occur primarily in women, 10-20% of all patients with bulimia nervosa are men (Joiner, Katz, & Heatherton, 2000;Jones & Morgan, 2010).Research on men with bulimia nervosa is sparse; however, recent studies indicate the number of men suffering from the disorder may be greater than previously thought (Herpertz, Kocnar, & Senf, 1997;Jones & Morgan, 2010). This may be due to changes in the perception that eating disorders only affect women (Herpertz et al., 1997;Jones & Morgan, 2010) and homosexual men (Jones & Morgan, 2010), or an actual increase in the number of men who are suffering from eating disorders (Morgan, 2009). Regardless, the number of men who are dissatisfied with their bodies and are taking steps to reduce their dissatisfaction is increasing (Morgan, 2009;Ryan & Morrison, 2009).When assessing body image, researchers typically focus on two dimensions: body image investment and body image evaluation (Cash, Melnyk, & Hrabosky, 2004). Body image investment reflects the degree of cognitive and behavioral importance that someone assigns to his or her body and appearance, whereas body image evaluation is a person's satisfaction or dissatisfaction with his or her appearance (Cash et al., 2004). Research suggests...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do body image investment and evaluation relate to bulimic symptoms in U.S. collegiate men and women in the same way?

Pritchard

2014

Psychology of Men & Masculinity

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“…We used the Health Evaluation subscale of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (Brown, Cash, & Mikulka, 1990) to assess participants' subjective evaluations of their physical health, included as a control variable in this research. The scale consists of six items that are responded to on a 5-point rating scale ranging from 1 (definitely disagree) to 5 (definitely agree; M ϭ 3.55, SD ϭ 0.76, Cronbach's ␣ ϭ .84).…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Me against myself: Motivational conflicts and emotional development in adulthood.

Riediger¹,

Freund²

2008

Psychology and Aging

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Two studies investigated adult age differences in the frequency and emotional consequences of motivational conflicts (i.e., feeling that one wants to or should do something else in a given situation). Study 1 compared younger and older adults. Study 2 included a more age-heterogeneous sample ranging from 20 to 70 years. Data were obtained using diary and experience-sampling methods. Multilevel regression showed that motivational conflict was associated with lower emotional well-being. With age, the frequency of motivational conflict decreased, while emotional well-being increased. Importantly, the age-related decrease in motivational conflicts partly accounted for the age-related increase in emotional well-being. Findings were consistent across studies and robust after the authors controlled for age differences in a number of control variables including time use. The authors conclude that an age-related decrease in motivational conflicts in daily life may be among the factors underlying the positive development of emotional well-being into older adulthood.Keywords: motivational conflict, emotional well-being, diary, experience sampling Motivational conflicts are ubiquitous in everyday live. People often encounter situations in which they are caught on the horns of dilemma-they need to meet an urgent deadline but want to go to a friend's party too; they wish to be punctual for a concert but also feel they should take time for a friend who just called with a problem. In the present research, we investigated the role that such day-to-day motivational conflicts might play in emotional wellbeing across adulthood.Because of its prominent role in human experience, the topic of intrapsychic conflict-or opposing tendencies within an individual-has a long history in psychological theory and research. Evidence is overwhelming that intraindividual conflict, regardless of its specific manifestation, is detrimental to an individual's well-being, both in the nonpathological and pathological range (e.g., Allen, Herst, Bruck, & Sutton, 2000;Higgins, Klein, & Straumann, 1987;Michalak, Heidenreich, & Hoyer, 2004). In this article, we focus on motivational conflict as one instance of intraindividual conflict. To date, motivational conflicts have primarily been studied in terms of problems among an individual's longer term goals. In this research, participants typically report their personal goals and then evaluate the nature of interrelations among these goals (e.g., Emmons & King, 1988;Riediger & Freund, 2004). Perceptions of conflict among goals can result from resource constraints (e.g., when several goals require more of the same resource, such as time, than is available) or from incompatible goal attainment strategies (Riediger & Freund, 2004). Provided that assessment techniques differentiate between conflict and mutual facilitation, empirical evidence clearly confirms that conflict among higher level goals is associated with impaired psychological well-being (whereas facilitation among goals is unrelated to well-being but de...

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“…Therefore, they are associated with diagnoses of obesity, eating disorders, and body dissatisfaction (1,10), and diminished quality of life as a consequence. Body image has been determined through the application of questionnaires and representative body figures, where the individual chooses the answer or figure that best defines his/her beliefs and wishes about his/her image (11,12). The image could be impaired due to a pathology, bringing dissatisfaction and health problems or bringing actions to have a better shape and image by doing physical exercise, a dietary regime and/or taking medical drugs (1,13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Body Shape as Body Image Determinant in University Students

et al. 2017

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ResumenIntroducción y objetivos: la forma corporal (FC) y la imagen corporal (IC) son parte de la estructura física externa, por lo tanto, las modificaciones en la forma del cuerpo afectan necesariamente a la imagen corporal; sin embargo, combinados ambos no han sido estudiados. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la relación estadística entre FC e IC en estudiantes universitarios. Método: doscientos noventa y seis participantes (17-35 años) fueron incluidos en este estudio. Se utilizaron diferentes medidas antropométricas para definir el somatotipo, índice de masa corporal (IMC), índice cintura/cadera (ICC) y circunferencia de cintura (CC). Además, se aplicó un cuestionario sobre la percepción de la imagen corporal (McElhone et al.), relacionado con: "¿cómo me veo?", "¿cómo pienso que los demás me ven?", "¿cómo me ven los demás?" y "¿cómo quiero parecer? ". Resultados: en promedio, los hombres se perciben en peso normal; en cambio, las mujeres se perciben con sobrepeso. En promedio, los hombres fueron meso-endomórficos, mientras que las mujeres endo-mesomórficas. Conclusión: la forma corporal medida como somatotipo, ICC y CC fueron excelentes determinantes de la imagen corporal. Los participantes que presentaron mayor endomorfia, mayor ICC, mayor CC y menor ectomorfia tuvieron una mayor apreciación de sobrepeso u obesidad, y el deseo de verse más delgados. AbstractIntroduction and objectives: Body shape (BSP) and body image (BI) are part of the external physical structure, then modifications in body shape necessarily affect body image; however, both combined have not been studied. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the statistical relationship between BSP and BI in university students. Method: Two hundred and ninety-six participants (17-35 years) were included in this study. Different anthropometric measurements were used to define their somatotype (BSP), body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC). In addition, a questionnaire on body image perception was applied (McElhone et al.), regarding "how do I look?", "how do I think others see me?", "how do others see me?", and "how do I want to look like?" Results: On average, men perceived themselves in normal weight; in contrast, women perceived themselves as overweight. Men were meso-endomorphic, while women were endo-mesomorphic as an average. Conclusion: Body shape measured as somatotype as well as WC and WHR were excellent determinants of body image. Participants who presented a higher endomorphy, WC and WHR and a lower ectomorphy had a higher appreciation of being overweight or obese and wish to become thinner.

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Attitudinal Body-Image Assessment: Factor Analysis of the Body-Self Relations Questionnaire

Cited by 643 publications

References 15 publications

Do body image investment and evaluation relate to bulimic symptoms in U.S. collegiate men and women in the same way?

Do body image investment and evaluation relate to bulimic symptoms in U.S. collegiate men and women in the same way?

Me against myself: Motivational conflicts and emotional development in adulthood.

The Body Shape as Body Image Determinant in University Students

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