Attitudes towards gambling in Finland: a cross-sectional population study

Salonen, Anne; Castrén, Sari; Raisamo, Susanna; Orford, Jim; Alho, Hannu; Lahti, Tuuli

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-982

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The overall public attitudes 216 towards gambling were negative in Great Britain. This result is also consistent with previous studies 217 using the same instrument that overall public opinion is generally negative towards gambling in 218Finland (Salonen et al, 2014) and Australia (McAllister, 2014). However, there are notable 219 differences between the populations that necessitate future evaluations.…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

“…The scale had 213 acceptable internal consistency with the expectancy dimension equal to the required α = 0.70 214 threshold (Nunnally & Bernstein, 1994). The hypothesized single-factor structure of the ATGS-8 215 (McAllister, 2014;Salonen et al, 2014) provided a good fit to the data. The overall public attitudes 216 towards gambling were negative in Great Britain.…”

Section: Discussion 209mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Finland (Salonen et al, 2014) and Australia (McAllister, 2014). However, there are notable 219 differences between the populations that necessitate future evaluations.…”

Section: Discussion 209mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of the 8-item Attitudes Towards Gambling Scale (ATGS-8) in a British population survey

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Pastore

et al. 2016

Addictive Behaviors

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5 6Introduction. Public opinions concerning gambling are an important factor in shaping public 7 policy. Little empirical attention has been given to assessing gambling attitudes within the general 8 population. The aim of the present study is to validate the 8-item Attitudes Towards Gambling 9Scale (ATGS-8) in British individuals and to investigate associations of these attitudes with 10 frequency of gambling and gambling problems. 11 Methods. Data were derived from 7746 individuals participating in the British Gambling 12Prevalence Survey 2010, a comprehensive interview-based survey conducted in Great Britain 13 between November 2009 and May 2010. Confirmatory factor analysis and separate regression 14 analyses were applied. 15Results. The one-dimensional structure of the ATGS-8 was confirmed in the community sample 16 and by gender. Furthermore, more positive attitudes towards gambling were positively related to 17 frequency of gambling and gambling problems. 18Conclusions. The present study extends the previous evaluations of the scale by providing detailed 19 evidence for the utility and usefulness of the ATGS-8 in a community sample and across gender. 20The ATGS-8 is a valid instrument to assess public opinion on gambling among the general 21 Introduction 39Problem gambling is a public health concern in many European countries (Molinaro et al., 40 2014; Volberg, Gupta, Griffiths, Olason, & Delfabbro, 2010) and it has been associated with 41 significant health and psychosocial problems (Abbott et al., 2013; Lorains, Cowlishaw, & Thomas, 42 2011). The widespread growth of gambling over the past 20 years has placed the regulation of 43 gambling at the foreground of social issues for many governments around the world. As a 44 consequence of a 'policy paradigm shift' concerning public policy towards gambling (Smith et al., 45 2011), governments have to shape policy in accordance with the parameters of what the public 46 regards as acceptable (McAllister, 2014). In order to implement effective best practice for the 47 regulation of gambling, there is a need to have robust knowledge based on empirical evidence 48 concerning the opinions on gambling regulation within the general population. 49Despite an extensive focus in gambling studies on cognitive biases and errors associated 50 with gambling (see Spurrier & Blaszczynski, 2014, for a recent review), few studies have surveyed 51 opinions on gambling regulation within the general population at a national level. Previous national 52 studies have shown that overall public attitudes towards gambling appear to be negative in Great 53Britain (Orford, Griffiths, Wardle, Sproston, & Erens, 2009), Finland (Salonen et al., 2014 and 54Australia (McAllister, 2014). The theory of planned behavior (Ajzen 1991;2011) suggested that a 55 person's attitude towards behaviors, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control influenced 56 individuals' behavioral intentions and behavior. Previous studies have found that more favorable 57 attitudes towards gamb...

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confidence: 92%

Section: Discussion 209mentioning

confidence: 86%

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Validation of the 8-item Attitudes Towards Gambling Scale (ATGS-8) in a British population survey

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Pastore

et al. 2016

Addictive Behaviors

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“…In Finland in 2010 gambling was allowed for adolescents aged 15 years and over (except Internet and casino gambling) and in 2011, 15-year olds could legally gamble at slot machines (all other gambling games had age limit of 18 years), which are widely available in Finland. Adolescents have also had positive attitudes towards gambling in Finland 10. Likewise, studies have shown that parents and teachers do not think that gambling is a great concern among youth 11…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social support as a mediator between problem behaviour and gambling: a cross-sectional study among 14–16-year-old Finnish adolescents

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BackgroundDuring the adolescent period, risk-taking behaviour increases. These behaviours can compromise the successful transition from adolescence to adulthood. The purpose of this study was to examine social support as a mediator of the relation between problem behaviour and gambling frequency among Finnish adolescents.MethodsData were obtained from the national School Health Promotion Study (SHPS) from the years 2010 and 2011 (N=102 545). Adolescents were classified in the most homogeneous groups based on their problem behaviour via latent class analysis.ResultsPath analysis indicated that social support was negatively associated with problem behaviour, and problem behaviour and social support were negatively related (except for social support from friends among boys) to gambling. Social support from parents and school mediated, albeit weakly, the relations between problem behaviour and gambling among girls and boys.ConclusionsProblem behaviour may affect gambling through social support from school and parents. Thus prevention and intervention strategies should focus on strengthening adolescents' social support. In addition, because of the clustering of different problem behaviours instead of concentrating on a single form of problem behaviour multiple-behaviour interventions may have a much greater impact on public health.

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“…also been previously shown in Finland (Raisamo & Salonen, 2013). It may well be that males are more prone to gambling behaviour than are females (Chalmers & Willoughby, 2006) or in turn that social norms may partly protect females, as females' attitudes towards gambling are more negative and they are less vulnerable than men to developing gambling problems (Hing, Russell, Tolchard, & Nower, 2014;Potenza et al, 2001;Salonen et al, 2014;Salonen & Raisamo, 2015). It is important to note that cultural factors influence gender-specific prevalence rates, as for example addictive behaviours may be more acceptable among males (Swendsen & Le Moal, 2011 (Räsänen et al, 2015b), which may partially explain the high prevalence of underage gambling.…”

Section: Prevalence Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

At-Risk and Problem Gambling among Finnish Youth: The Examination of Risky Alcohol Consumption, Tobacco Smoking, Mental Health and Loneliness as Gender-Specific Correlates

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Castrén

Jokela

et al. 2016

Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

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AIMS -The aims were to compare past-year at-risk and problem gambling (ARPG) and other at-risk behaviours (computer gaming, risky alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking) by age and gender, and to explore how ARPG is associated with risky alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, poor mental health and loneliness in males and females. DESIGN -Data from respondents aged 15-28 (n = 822) were derived from a cross-sectional random sample of population-based data (n = 4484). The data were collected in 2011-2012 by telephone interviews. The Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI, score≥2) was used to evaluate ARPG. Prevalence rates for risk behaviours were compared for within gender-specific age groups. Regression models were gender-specific. RESULTS -The proportion of at-risk and problem gamblers was higher among males than females in all age groups except among 18-21-year-olds, while frequent computer gaming was higher among males in all age groups. The odds ratio (95% CI) of being a male ARPGer was 2.57 (1.40-4.74) for risky alcohol consumption; 1.95 (1.07-3.56) for tobacco smoking; 2.63 (0.96-7.26) for poor mental health; and 4.41 (1.20-16.23) for feeling lonely. Likewise, the odds ratio (95% CI) of being a female ARPGer was 1.19 (0.45-3.12) for risky alcohol consumption; 4.01 (1.43-11.24) for tobacco smoking; 0.99 (0.18-5.39) for poor mental health; and 6.46 (1.42-29.34) for feeling lonely. All 95% CIs of ARPG correlates overlapped among males and females. CONCLUSIONS -Overall, past-year at-risk and problem gambling and computer gaming seem to be more common among males than females; however, for risky alcohol consumption similar gender differences were evident only for the older half of the sample. No clear gender differences were seen in correlates associated with ARPG.

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Attitudes towards gambling in Finland: a cross-sectional population study

Cited by 23 publications

References 34 publications

Validation of the 8-item Attitudes Towards Gambling Scale (ATGS-8) in a British population survey

Validation of the 8-item Attitudes Towards Gambling Scale (ATGS-8) in a British population survey

Social support as a mediator between problem behaviour and gambling: a cross-sectional study among 14–16-year-old Finnish adolescents

At-Risk and Problem Gambling among Finnish Youth: The Examination of Risky Alcohol Consumption, Tobacco Smoking, Mental Health and Loneliness as Gender-Specific Correlates

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