Attenuation of Cyclosporine-Induced Renal Dysfunction by Catechin: Possible Antioxidant Mechanism

Abstract

One of great use of immunosuppressant, Cyclosporine-A (CsA) is in the solid organ transplantation; however the extensive use of this is cautionable due to its toxic effect in renal tissue, characterized by the tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and progressive renal impairment. However, there are many mediators are associated with pathogenesis of nephrotoxicity of CsA, the exact mechanism is still in debate. Recent studies indicate that Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidations are the important mechanisms implicated in the pathophysiology of nephrotoxicity with CsA. In the present study we examined effect of dietary flavonoid catechin on oxidative damage in cyclosporine-A induced nephrotoxicity. Chronic administration of CsA (20 mg/kg/day) subcutaneously for 21 days significantly decreased the body weight as compared with vehicle treated rats. CsA (20 mg/kg/day) administration for 21 days significantly decreased the renal function by increase in the serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and decrease in the creatinine and urea clearance as compared with vehicle treated rats. Catechin (100 mg/kg/day) for 21 days along with CsA significantly reversed the changed renal parameters, however lower dose of catechin (50 mg/kg/day) restored only increased serum creatinine levels as compared with CsA alone treated group. Biochemical analysis revealed that chronic administration of CsA (20 mg/kg/day) for 21 days significantly induced lipid peroxidation and decreased the glutathione levels in the kidney homogenate of rats. It is also observed that chronic CsA administered rats showed decrease in antioxidant defense enzyme superoxide dismutase and increase in the catalase activity as compared with vehicle treated rats. Co-administration of catechin (100 mg/kg/day) orally along with CsA for 21 days significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation and restored the decreased glutathione levels as compared with CsA alone group, but lower dose of catechin (50 mg/kg/day) restored only decreased glutathione levels induced by CsA. Co-administration of only higher dose of catechin (100 mg/kg/day) along with CsA significantly increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels as compared with CsA alone treated group. It is also observed that catechin (100 mg/kg/day) along with CsA further increased the catalase levels as compared with CsA alone treated group, but not with lower dose of catechin. Animals administered with catechin (100 mg/kg/day) alone for 21 days showed significant increase in the catalase levels as compared with vehicle treated group. The major findings of the present study suggest that oxidative stress might play a significant role in CsA-induced nephrotoxicity. In conclusion, dietary administration of flavonoid catechin could be a useful component for the prevention/treatment of CsA-induced nephrotoxicity.

Spirulina attenuates cyclosporine‐induced nephrotoxicity in rats

“…Carvedilol, a beta-blocker with potent free radical scavenger activity, reduced the MDA levels and improved the renal dysfunction and morphological changes induced by CsA (Padi and Chopra, 2002). Co-administration of catechin with CsA significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation and restored the decreased glutathione levels induced by CsA (Anjaneyulu et al, 2003).…”

The effects of grape seed on apoptosis-related gene expression and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

“…17,18,22 High serum glucose levels promote the oxidative stress within the tissues via increasing the reactive oxygen radicals (ROS) through mitochondrial electron transfer chain. 19 ROS are highly toxic to cells, the pathogenesis of this system has been shown to increase lipid peroxidation and nuclear factor kappa b along with transforming growth factor b that causes tissue fibrosis Notes: *p50.05.…”

S‐allylcysteine attenuates renal injury by altering the expressions of iNOS and matrix metallo proteinase‐2 during cyclosporine‐induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats

“…It has been reported that about 30% of patients treated with CsA have moderate to severe kidney damage (Parra Cid et al, 2003). Although the mechanisms underlying CsA-induced nephrotoxicity have not been completely defi ned, recent experimental and clinical data have strongly suggested the role of free radicals in its pathogenesis (Anjaneyulu et al, 2003). It has been reported in numerous in vivo and in vitro experiments that CsA-induced renal damage was accompanied by a parallel increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Julien et al, 1993;Edwards et al, 1994), thromboxane and lipid peroxidation (LPO) products in the kidney (Anjaneyulu et al, 2003).…”