Attenuation of cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms in kidney of rats intoxicated with carbofuran

Abstract

Carbofuran, an anticholinestrase carbamate, is commonly used as an insecticide. Its toxic effect on kidney is less established. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of carbofuran on kidneys and to understand the mechanism involved in its nephrotoxicity. Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups of eight animals each; control animals received sunflower oil (vehicle) and carbofuran exposed animals were treated with carbofuran (1 mg/kg body weight) orally for 28 days. At the end of the treatment, significant increase was observed in urea and creatinine levels in serum along with the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, suggesting nephrotoxicity. The antioxidant defense system of animals treated with carbofuran was altered in terms of increased lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, and total thiols and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase). The results indicate that carbofuran is nephrotoxic and increased oxidative stress appears to be involved in its nephrotoxic effects. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:393–398, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21433

Hepatoprotective Effect ofCitrus limonFruit Extract against Carbofuran Induced Toxicity in Wistar Rats

“…Similar to these observations, the reduced activities of these antioxidant enzymes in rat liver exposed to CF (0.6 mg Kg −1 body weight) for longer treatment durations (1 and 2 months) have been reported [18]. The reduction in the activities of these enzymes has also been demonstrated in the kidney of rats exposed to carbofuran (1 mg Kg −1 body weight) for longer duration (28 days) [10]. However, in contrast to these findings a single i.p.…”

“…The reduction in the level of GST activity has also been reported in rat brain [25] and erythrocytes [26]. In contrast, the acute and chronic doses of carbofuran have been reported to cause elevation in GST activity in rat [10]. The recovery of GST in carbofuran treated rat by C. limon fruit extract has been reported by other workers as well, which has been attributed to the presence of limonin and nomilin in the C. limon fruit extract which are known as inducers of GST activity [47].…”

“…However, with the disproportionate and unregulated applications and the lack of selectivity, OCs may cause serious health hazards to humans as well as animals due to accidental, environmental, and occupational exposures [9,10]. It is well reported that carbofuran may cause toxicity to the vital organs of the mammalian systems such as brain, liver, heart, and skeletal muscles [11][12][13].…”

Carbosulfan-induced oxidative damage following subchronic exposure and the protective effects of N-acetylcysteine in rats

“…Elevated creatinine usually indicates glomerular damage which may be due to increased protein catabolism and the conversion of ammonia to urea as a result of increased synthesis of arginase enzyme involved in urea production (Harper et al 1979). Kaur et al (2012) also observed kidney damage in carbofuran toxicity. Treatment with the NAC reduced the level of above-mentioned markers in serum caused by carbosulfan intoxication in rats.…”

Pesticide use and risk of end-stage renal disease among licensed pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study

“…Renal damage and dysfunction have been observed in experimental animal studies with exposure to specific pesticides in a dose-dependent6–9 and/or exposure duration-dependent7 9–11 manner. A variety of pesticide classes have been shown to cause renal damage and dysfunction in animals, including organophosphate,6 9 organochlorine,10 12 carbamate13 and pyrethroid14 insecticides and triazine15 and chlorophenoxy8 herbicides.…”