Attentional training of the appetitive motivation system: Effects on sensation seeking preferences and reward-based behavior

Goetz, P.; Robinson, Michael D.; Meier, Brian P.

doi:10.1007/s11031-008-9091-3

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In support of this, Goetz et al [18] investigated whether biasing the attention of healthy controls (HCs) towards or away from rewarding words (e.g. rewarding foods) would implicitly prime the appetitive system.…”

Section: Re-evaluation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food related attention bias modification training for anorexia nervosa and its potential underpinning mechanisms

et al. 2020

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Treatment outcomes in anorexia nervosa (AN) remain suboptimal, evidencing the need for better and more targeted treatments. Whilst the aetiology of AN is complex, cognitive processes such as attention bias (AB) have been proposed to contribute to maintaining food restriction behaviour. Attention bias modification raining (ABMT) has been investigated in other eating disorders (EDs) such as binge eating disorder (BED) as a means of modifying AB for food and of changing eating behaviour. Promising findings have been reported, but the mechanisms underlying ABMT are poorly understood. We hypothesise that in AN, ABMT has the potential to modify maladaptive eating behaviours related to anxiety around food and eating and propose two mechanistic models; (1) ABMT increases general attentional control (which will improve control over disorder-relevant thoughts) or (2) ABMT promotes stimulus re-evaluation. In this second case, the effects of ABMT might arise via changes in the subjective value of food stimuli (i.e. reward processing) or via habituation, with both resulting in a reduced threat response. Investigating the clinical potential of ABMT in AN holds the promise of a novel, evidence-based adjunctive treatment approach. Importantly, understanding ABMT's underlying mechanisms will help tailor treatment protocols and improve understanding of the cognitive characteristics of AN and other EDs.

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Section: Re-evaluation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food related attention bias modification training for anorexia nervosa and its potential underpinning mechanisms

et al. 2020

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“…Attention is defined as the readiness to detect rare or unpredictable stimuli over an extended time period (Sarter et al 2001). Attention is another executive function of the PFC that is affected by an individual’s emotional and motivational state (Goetz et al 2008) and is often impaired by stress in both humans and in animal models. Lesions of the mPFC, as well as compromised connectivity of the inferior PFC to striatal, cerebellar, and parietal regions, result in deficits in attention in rats and humans (Maddux & Holland 2011, Muir et al 1996), (Arnsten 2009, Arnsten & Rubia 2012, Aron & Poldrack 2005).…”

Section: Attentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prefrontal cortex executive processes affected by stress in health and disease

Girotti

Adler

Bulin

et al. 2018

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

101

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Prefrontal cortical executive functions comprise a number of cognitive capabilities necessary for goal directed behavior and adaptation to a changing environment. Executive dysfunction that leads to maladaptive behavior and is a symptom of psychiatric pathology can be instigated or exacerbated by stress. In this review we survey research addressing the impact of stress on executive function, with specific focus on working memory, attention, response inhibition, and cognitive flexibility. We then consider the neurochemical pathways underlying these cognitive capabilities and, where known, how stress alters them. Finally, we review work exploring potential pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches that can ameliorate deficits in executive function. Both preclinical and clinical literature indicates that chronic stress negatively affects executive function. Although some of the circuitry and neurochemical processes underlying executive function have been characterized, a great deal is still unknown regarding how stress affects these processes. Additional work focusing on this question is needed in order to make progress on developing interventions that ameliorate executive dysfunction.

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“…Several studies have investigated whether training attentional patterns to positive or rewarding information can influence affective states or lead to successful emotion regulation (Dandeneau et al, 2007; Goetz, Robinson, & Meier, 2008; Johnson, 2009; Wadlinger & Isaacowitz, 2008). In the first study, researchers designed a visual probe task (comparable to a visual search task) that involved repeatedly ignoring information associated with a social threat and instead searching for information relaying positive social acceptance (Dandeneau et al, 2007).…”

Section: Training Attention To Improve Emotion Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fixing Our Focus: Training Attention to Regulate Emotion

Wadlinger

Isaacowitz

2010

Pers Soc Psychol Rev

288

227

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Empirical studies have frequently linked negative attentional biases with attentional dysfunction and negative moods; however, far less research has focused on how attentional deployment can be an adaptive strategy that regulates emotional experience. We argue that attention may be an invaluable tool for promoting emotion regulation. Accordingly, we present evidence that selective attention to positive information reflects emotion regulation, and that regulating attention is a critical component of the emotion regulatory process. Furthermore, attentional regulation can be successfully trained through repeated practice. We ultimately propose a model of attention training methodologies integrating attention-dependent emotion regulation strategies with attention networks. While additional interdisciplinary research is needed to bolster these nascent findings, meditative practices appear to be among the most effective training methodologies in enhancing emotional well-being. Further exploration of the positive and therapeutic qualities of attention warrants the empirical attention of social and personality psychologists.Keywords emotion regulation; attention; attention training; selective attention; meditation Attention is a most valuable instrument that serves as a telescope through which we select, bring into focus, and magnify the stimuli we experience in our world (Wallace, 1999). In Principles of Psychology, William James writes, "My experience is what I agree to attend to. Only those items which I notice shape my mind -without selective interest, experience is an utter chaos" (1890, p. 402). As James suggests, without our ability to use attention as a tool to hone specific aspects of our experience, we would be lost in superfluous information. Salient sensory, emotional, and mental information is filtered, processed, and analyzed through various attentional processes, which can be automatically or consciously regulated (Calvo & Nummenmaa, 2007). Clearly, what we attend to can shape our experiences, good or bad. How successful individuals are at influencing their attentional processes can dictate their subsequent affective experience and behavioral trajectories. Although individual differences exist in the ability to regulate attention, recent literature has suggested that the processes involved in attentional regulation can be trained and improved through repeated practice (Lutz, Slagter, Dunne, & Davidson, 2008;Rueda, Rothbart, Saccomanno, & Posner, 2007). If attention can be trained, then it may be used to actively guide individuals' emotion regulation processes and downstream behavior, ultimately enhancing subjective well-being. That is, people could learn to selectively attend to specific types of information in the service of optimizing their emotional experience.Please address correspondence to: Derek M. Isaacowitz, Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, MS 062, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110. dmi@brandeis.edu. Heather Wadlinger is currently a postdoctoral fellow at the Prevention Rese...

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Attentional training of the appetitive motivation system: Effects on sensation seeking preferences and reward-based behavior

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

Food related attention bias modification training for anorexia nervosa and its potential underpinning mechanisms

Food related attention bias modification training for anorexia nervosa and its potential underpinning mechanisms

Prefrontal cortex executive processes affected by stress in health and disease

Fixing Our Focus: Training Attention to Regulate Emotion

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