Attentional modulation of medial olivocochlear inhibition: Evidence for immaturity in children

Mishra, Samarth

doi:10.1016/j.heares.2014.10.009

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…For example, children with recurrent otitis media with effusion may experience excessive masking (Roberts et al, 2004), and hearing-in-noise difficulties are more pronounced in children with even a mild sensorineural hearing loss (Crandell, 1993). Additional physiological factors, such as the efferent system, should also be considered, especially with respect to listeners who struggle in noise (de Boer et al, 2012; Muchnik et al, 2004) and developmentally (Abdala et al, 1999; Mishra, 2014). A full understanding, then, of speech perception in noise during early childhood—and by extension disorders thereof—will have to account for these peripheral, central, cognitive, and experiential factors (see, for example, Anderson et al, 2013b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory-neurophysiological responses to speech during early childhood: Effects of background noise

White-Schwoch¹,

Davies²,

Thompson³

et al. 2015

Hearing Research

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Early childhood is a critical period of auditory learning, during which children are constantly mapping sounds to meaning. But learning rarely occurs under ideal listening conditions—children are forced to listen against a relentless din. This background noise degrades the neural coding of these critical sounds, in turn interfering with auditory learning. Despite the importance of robust and reliable auditory processing during early childhood, little is known about the neurophysiology underlying speech processing in children so young. To better understand the physiological constraints these adverse listening scenarios impose on speech sound coding during early childhood, auditory-neurophysiological responses were elicited to a consonant-vowel syllable in quiet and background noise in a cohort of typically-developing preschoolers (ages 3–5 yr). Overall, responses were degraded in noise: they were smaller, less stable across trials, slower, and there was poorer coding of spectral content and the temporal envelope. These effects were exacerbated in response to the consonant transition relative to the vowel, suggesting that the neural coding of spectrotemporally-dynamic speech features is more tenuous in noise than the coding of static features—even in children this young. Neural coding of speech temporal fine structure, however, was more resilient to the addition of background noise than coding of temporal envelope information. Taken together, these results demonstrate that noise places a neurophysiological constraint on speech processing during early childhood by causing a breakdown in neural processing of speech acoustics. These results may explain why some listeners have inordinate difficulties understanding speech in noise. Speech-elicited auditory-neurophysiological responses offer objective insight into listening skills during early childhood by reflecting the integrity of neural coding in quiet and noise; this paper documents typical response properties in this age group. These normative metrics may be useful clinically to evaluate auditory processing difficulties during early childhood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory-neurophysiological responses to speech during early childhood: Effects of background noise

White-Schwoch¹,

Davies²,

Thompson³

et al. 2015

Hearing Research

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“…Often, efferent effects are studied by using either distortion-type emissions, e.g., DPOAEs, or reflection-type emissions, e.g., click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs) and SFOAEs (e.g., Backus and Guinan, 2007;Francis and Guinan, 2010;Goodman et al, 2013;Marshall et al, 2014;Mishra, 2014;Mishra and Dinger, 2016;Wagner et al, 2007). This approach inadvertently ignores that efferent-induced shifts in distortion and reflection emissions provide two kinds of information, and using either may provide fragmented information about efferent modulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efferent-induced alterations in distortion and reflection otoacoustic emissions in children

Mishra

Biswal

Amatya

2018

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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The medial olivocochlear efferent fibers control outer hair cell responses and inhibit the cochlear-amplifier gain. Measuring efferent function is both theoretically and clinically relevant. In humans, medial efferent inhibition can be assayed via otoacoustic emissions (OAEs). OAEs arise by two fundamentally different mechanisms-nonlinear distortion and coherent reflection. Distortion and reflection emissions are typically applied in isolation for studying the efferent inhibition. Such an approach inadvertently assumes that efferent-induced shifts in distortion and reflection emissions provide redundant information. In this study, efferent-induced shifts in distortion and reflection emissions (click-evoked and stimulus frequency OAEs) were measured in the same subjects-5- to 10-yr-old children. Consistent with the OAE generation theory, efferent-induced shifts in distortion and reflection emissions did not correlate, whereas the two reflection emission shifts correlated. This suggests that using either OAE types provides fragmented information on efferent inhibition and highlights the need to use both distortion and reflection emissions for describing efferent effects.

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“…This is probably because auditory attention is obviously more related to functioning of the inner ear. There is quite strong evidence for the effect of auditory attention on OAEs ( De Boer & Thornton, 2007 ; Garinis, Glattke & Cone, 2011 ; Harkrider & Bowers, 2009 ; Mishra, 2014 ; Smith & Cone, 2015 ). However, it is also of interest to study whether visual attention has an effect on inner ear function, as this may help uncover a relationship between the different modalities—visual and auditory—at the periphery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heightened visual attention does not affect inner ear function as measured by otoacoustic emissions

Jędrzejczak

Milner

Olszewski

et al. 2017

PeerJ

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Previous research has indicated that inner ear function might be modulated by visual attention, although the results have not been totally conclusive. Conceivably, modulation of hearing might occur due to stimulation of the cochlea via descending medial olivocochlear (MOC) neurons. The aim of the present study was to test whether increased visual attention caused corresponding changes in inner ear function, which was measured by the strength of otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) recorded from the ear canal in response to a steady train of clicks. To manipulate attention, we asked subjects to attend to, or ignore, visual stimuli delivered according to an odd-ball paradigm. The subjects were presented with two types of visual stimuli: standard and deviant (20% of all stimuli, randomly presented). During a passive part of the experiment, subjects had to just observe a pattern of squares on a computer screen. In an active condition, the subject’s task was to silently count the occasional inverted (deviant) pattern on the screen. At all times, visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were used to objectively gauge the subject’s state of attention, and OAEs in response to clicks (transiently evoked OAEs, TEOAEs) were used to gauge inner ear function. As a test of descending neural activity, TEOAE levels were evaluated with and without contralateral acoustic stimulation (CAS) by broadband noise, a paradigm known to activate the MOC pathway. Our results showed that the recorded VEPs were, as expected, a good measure of visual attention, but even when attention levels changed there was no corresponding change in TEOAE levels. We conclude that visual attention does not significantly affect inner ear function.

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Attentional modulation of medial olivocochlear inhibition: Evidence for immaturity in children

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Auditory-neurophysiological responses to speech during early childhood: Effects of background noise

Auditory-neurophysiological responses to speech during early childhood: Effects of background noise

Efferent-induced alterations in distortion and reflection otoacoustic emissions in children

Heightened visual attention does not affect inner ear function as measured by otoacoustic emissions

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