Attentional bias in problematic drinkers with and without mild to borderline intellectual disability

Duijvenbode, Neomi van; Didden, Robert; Korzilius, Hubert; Engels, Rutger C. M. E.

doi:10.1111/jir.12335

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This result showed that, although they have the will to control the attentional bias to addiction-related cues after the withdrawal training, they still cannot control the automatic processing advantage to addiction-related cues. Subsequent studies of eye movements, such as alcohol addicts on alcohol-related cues 47 , 48 , obesities on food-related cues 49 , 50 , gambling addicts on gambling-related cues 51 , and heroin addicts on heroin-related cue 52 , have reached similar conclusions. These studies have suggested that addicts may have an unconscious automatic attentional processing advantage to addictive cues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Automatic detection advantage of network information among Internet addicts: behavioral and ERP evidence

Zheng

Nie

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Converging evidence has proved the attentional bias of Internet addicts (IAs) on network information. However, previous studies have neither explained how characteristics of network information are detected by IAs with priority nor proved whether this advantage is in line with the unconscious and automatic process. To answer the two questions, this study aims to investigate whether IAs prioritize automatic detection of network information from the behavior and cognitive neuroscience aspects. 15 severe IAs and 15 matching healthy controls were selected using Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Dot-probe task with mask was used in the behavioral experiment, while deviant-standard reverse oddball paradigm was used in the event-related potential (ERP) experiment to induce mismatch negativity (MMN). In the dot-probe task, when the probe location appeared on the Internet-related picture’s position, the IAs had significantly shorter reaction time than do the controls; in the ERP experiment, when Internet-related picture appeared, MMN was significantly induced in the IAs relative to the controls. Both experiments show that IAs can automatically detect network information.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Automatic detection advantage of network information among Internet addicts: behavioral and ERP evidence

Zheng

Nie

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…One eye-tracking study (Hobson et al, 2013) has even suggested that craving intensity is a stronger determinant of attentional bias than the level of alcohol consumption in regular drinkers. Nevertheless, these associations have not been supported by more recent studies (Van Duijvenbode et al, 2017; Wilcockson et al, 2019) and thus need further investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Craving is everything: An eye-tracking exploration of attentional bias in binge drinking

et al. 2020

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Background: Attentional bias towards alcohol-related stimuli is a core characteristic of severe alcohol use disorders (AUD), directly linked to clinical variables (e.g. alcohol consumption, relapse). Nevertheless, the extent of this bias in subclinical populations remains poorly documented. This is particularly true for binge drinking, an alcohol consumption pattern highly prevalent in youth, characterised by an alternation between excessive intakes and withdrawal periods. Aims: We used eye-tracking to: (a) measure attentional bias in binge drinking, (b) determine its time course by dissociating early/late processing stages, (c) clarify its specificity for alcohol-related stimuli compared to other appetitive stimulations and (d) explore its modulation by current craving intensity. Methods: Binge drinkers ( n=42) and matched controls ( n=43) performed a visual probe task, requiring visual targets preceded by pairs of pictures to be processed, with three conditions (i.e. alcohol vs. soft drink, alcohol vs. high-calorie food, high-calorie food vs. low-calorie food). Results: No group difference was observed for early processing (i.e. first area of interest visited). Dwell times highlighted a bias towards soft drinks and healthy food among controls, without any global bias towards alcohol in binge drinkers. Centrally, a comparison of binge drinkers with low versus high current craving intensity indicated that binge drinking was associated with a bias towards alcohol and high-calorie food only in the presence of a high craving towards these stimuli. Conclusion: Attentional bias towards alcohol reported in severe AUD is only found in binge drinkers in the presence of high craving and is generalised to other appetitive cues.

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“…The association between AB and craving might therefore be a specific characteristic of problematic alcohol use, and less related to social drinking. However, given that recent studies in clinical samples also failed to find an association between AB and craving [12,39], it might also be that insufficient internal consistency and test-retest reliability of AB tasks limited their capacity to appropriately capture AB, making it difficult to find the proposed relation with craving.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, although eyetracking can measure overt attention shifts (responding by directly moving and focussing the gaze on a target), it does not measure covert attention shifts (responding by seeing something peripherally without directly focussing the gaze on a target). Eye-tracking might be a valuable addition to this field of research, but as also encouraged by other researchers [12] a task that can reliably measure the influence of covert attention shifts remains also desirable (see for example attempts to improve the reliability of the visual probe task, [13]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional bias for alcohol cues in visual search—Increased engagement, difficulty to disengage or both?

et al. 2020

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Cognitive models emphasise the importance of attentional bias in addiction. However, many attentional bias tasks have been criticised for questionable psychometric properties and inability to differentiate between engagement and disengagement processes. This study therefore examined the suitability of two alternative tasks for assessing attentional bias within the context of alcohol use. Participants were undergraduate students (N = 169) who completed the Visual Search Task and Odd-One-Out Task, the latter of which is designed to differentiate between engagement and disengagement processes of attention, at baseline and one week later. Participants also completed baseline measures of alcohol consumption, craving, and alcohol use problems. Internal consistency was adequate for the Visual Search Task index, and weak for the Odd-One-Out Task indices. Test-retest reliability was weak for both tasks. The Visual Search Task index and the disengagement (but not the engagement) index of the Odd-One-Out Task showed a positive association with alcohol consumption. This study was restricted to a non-clinical student sample. The relatively high error rate of the Odd-One-Out Task might have reduced its sensitivity as an index of attentional bias. Both tasks showed some merit as attentional bias measures, and results suggested that attentional disengagement might be particularly related to alcohol use. However, the reliability of the current measures was inadequate. One potential explanation for the low reliability is that non-clinical samples may have weak and unstable attentional biases to alcohol. Future efforts should be made to improve the psychometric qualities of both tasks and to administer them in a clinical sample.

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Attentional bias in problematic drinkers with and without mild to borderline intellectual disability

Abstract: Taking the large variability in the strength of the attentional bias and the poor psychometric qualities of the measures into consideration, it is concluded that the use of these measures for clinical purposes is discouraged.

Cited by 12 publications

References 49 publications

Automatic detection advantage of network information among Internet addicts: behavioral and ERP evidence

Automatic detection advantage of network information among Internet addicts: behavioral and ERP evidence

Craving is everything: An eye-tracking exploration of attentional bias in binge drinking

Attentional bias for alcohol cues in visual search—Increased engagement, difficulty to disengage or both?

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