Attention to the hiding iodine deficiency in pregnant and lactating women after universal salt iodization: A multi-community study in China

Yan, Yu-qin; Chen, Z. P.; Yang, Xue-Ming; Liu, H.; Zhang, J. X.; Zhong, Wen; Yao, Weimiao; Zhao, Jinkou; Zhang, Z. Z.; Hua, Jing; Li, J. S.; Yu, Xiang; Wang, F. R.

doi:10.1007/bf03347244

Cited by 50 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…In countries or regions where a salt iodization program covers at least 90% of households and has been sustained for at least 2 yr and the median UI indicates iodine sufficiency (Table 2), pregnant and lactating women do not need iodine supplementation (89). Several countries with long-standing, successful iodized salt programs-China, Iran, Switzerland-have reported an optimal median UI in pregnant women (90,218,219). Also, in countries affected by mild or moderate iodine deficiency (Ireland, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Denmark), thyroid volume increases 15-31% during pregnancy, whereas in iodine-sufficient countries (Finland, The Netherlands), there is little or no increase in thyroid volume during pregnancy (220).…”

Section: Strategies To Prevent or Correct Deficiency During Pregnamentioning

confidence: 94%

Iodine Deficiency

2009

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Iodine deficiency has multiple adverse effects in humans, termed iodine deficiency disorders, due to inadequate thyroid hormone production. Globally, it is estimated that 2 billion individuals have an insufficient iodine intake, and South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa are particularly affected. However, about 50% of Europe remains mildly iodine deficient, and iodine intakes in other industrialized countries, including the United States and Australia, have fallen in recent years. Iodine deficiency during pregnancy and infancy may impair growth and neurodevelopment of the offspring and increase infant mortality. Deficiency during childhood reduces somatic growth and cognitive and motor function. Assessment methods include urinary iodine concentration, goiter, newborn TSH, and blood thyroglobulin. But assessment of iodine status in pregnancy is difficult, and it remains unclear whether iodine intakes are sufficient in this group, leading to calls for iodine supplementation during pregnancy in several industrialized countries. In most countries, the best strategy to control iodine deficiency in populations is carefully monitored universal salt iodization, one of the most cost-effective ways to contribute to economic and social development. Achieving optimal iodine intakes from iodized salt (in the range of 150-250 microg/d for adults) may minimize the amount of thyroid dysfunction in populations. Ensuring adequate iodine status during parenteral nutrition has become important, particularly in preterm infants, as the use of povidone-iodine disinfectants has declined. Introduction of iodized salt to regions of chronic iodine deficiency may transiently increase the incidence of thyroid disorders, but overall, the relatively small risks of iodine excess are far outweighed by the substantial risks of iodine deficiency.

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Section: Strategies To Prevent or Correct Deficiency During Pregnamentioning

confidence: 94%

Iodine Deficiency

2009

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“…Our results strongly indicated that iodine deficiency was a significant public health problem in lactating mothers. An adequate dietary intake of iodine was needed during lactation not only to provide for breast-fed infants but also for maintaining the metabolic status of the mothers [1,14,16,32]. Tables 3 and 5 showed the percent of infants and lactating mothers at risk of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism (IIH).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine Status of Breastfed Infants and their Mothers after Sixteen Years of Universal Dietary Salt Iodization Program in Dosso, Niger

Sadou¹,

Moussa²,

Alma³

et al. 2013

TONUTRJ

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Abstract:Introduction: Universal dietary salt iodization (UDSI) was implemented in Niger in 1996. However, since 2000 there was a slowdown in progress against iodine deficiency. Objective:The objective was to assess iodine nutritional status of infants and their lactating mothers living in Dosso, the state capital of a severe iodine deficiency region in Niger. Methods:The study was centered on 238 full-term infants and their mothers. Some of the data collected were: arm circumference (AC), head circumference (HC) of infant; familial thyroid disease history; the infant feeding method; age of the mother and child; parity, occupation and educational level of the mother.Results: In infants, the urinary iodine concentration (UIC) ranged from 20 to 1600 µg/l with a median of 220 µg/L and 17.23 % had iodine deficiency (UIC0.05). Spearman's correlation test indicated weak significant correlation between maternal and infant UIC (r = 0,167, p = 0, 01). Conclusion:Iodine status was suboptimal in 70% of mothers and 17% (mild to moderate) of breastfed infants, thus indicating an urgent need to provide iodine supplement for lactating women in Dosso.

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“…However, the relationship between UIC in school-age children and pregnant women remains unclear. Data from several countries suggest that adequate iodine nutrition among school-age children and nonpregnant women may not be indicative of adequate iodine nutrition among pregnant women [9][10][11]. However, limited research has been performed to elucidate the relationship between the median UIC of pregnant women and that of other groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%