Attention Shift towards Smoking Cues Relates to Severity of Dependence, Smoking Behavior and Breath Carbon Monoxide

Vollstädt‐Klein, Sabine; Loeber, Sabine; Winter, Sebastian; Leménager, Tagrid; Goltz, Christoph von der; Dinter, Christina; Koopmann, Anne; Wied, Carsten; Winterer, Georg; Kiefer, Falk

doi:10.1159/000327775

Cited by 29 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Smoking demographics (eg, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence 33 ) were comparable with prior studies that detected a bias. 19,25,34 As such, the discrepancy may be attributed to experimental design. For example, nicotine deprivation increases fixation time to cigarette cues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette Cue Attentional Bias in Cocaine-Smoking and Non-Cocaine-Using Cigarette Smokers

Marks

Alcorn

Stoops

et al. 2016

NICTOB

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Introduction: Cigarette smoking in cocaine users is nearly four times higher than the national prevalence and cocaine use increases cigarette smoking. The mechanisms underlying cigarette smoking in cocaine-using individuals need to be identified to promote cigarette and cocaine abstinence. Previous studies have examined the salience of cigarette and cocaine cues separately. The present aim was to determine whether cigarette attentional bias (AB) is higher in cigarettes smokers who smoke cocaine relative to individuals who only smoke cigarettes. Methods: Twenty cigarette smokers who smoke cocaine and 20 non-cocaine-using cigarette smokers completed a visual probe task with eye-tracking technology. During this task, the magnitude of cigarette and cocaine AB was assessed through orienting bias, fixation time, and response time. Results: Cocaine users displayed an orienting bias towards cigarette cues. Cocaine users also endorsed a more urgent desire to smoke to relieve negative affect associated with cigarette craving than non-cocaine users (g = 0.6). Neither group displayed a cigarette AB, as measured by fixation time. Cocaine users, but not non-cocaine users, displayed a cocaine AB as measured by orienting bias (g = 2.0) and fixation time (g = 1.2). There were no significant effects for response time data. Conclusions: Cocaine-smoking cigarettes smokers display an initial orienting bias toward cigarette cues, but not sustained cigarette AB. The incentive motivation underlying cigarette smoking also differs. Cocaine smokers report more urgent desire to smoke to relieve negative affect. Identifying differences in motivation to smoke cigarettes may provide new treatment targets for cigarette and cocaine use disorders. Implications: These results suggest that cocaine-smoking cigarette smokers display an initial orienting bias towards cigarette cues, but not sustained attention towards cigarette cues, relative to non-cocaine-using smokers. Smoked cocaine users also report a more urgent desire to smoke to relieve negative affect than non-cocaine users. Identifying differences in motivation to smoke cigarettes may provide new treatment targets for both cigarette and cocaine use disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette Cue Attentional Bias in Cocaine-Smoking and Non-Cocaine-Using Cigarette Smokers

Marks

Alcorn

Stoops

et al. 2016

NICTOB

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“…In accordance with the crucial role of cue reactivity in smoking behaviors, a growing number of studies on nicotine dependence have reported using tobacco-related pictures [3][4][5] . These stimuli are of critical importance in addiction research for the study of attentional bias [6] and substance-related cue reactivity (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Geneva Smoking Pictures: Development and Preliminary Validation

Khazaal¹,

Zullino²,

Billieux³

2012

Eur Addict Res

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Cue reactivity is essential to the maintenance of addictive disorders. A useful way to study cue reactivity is by means of normative pictures, but few validated tobacco-related pictures are available. This study describes a database of smoking-related pictures: The Geneva Smoking Pictures (GSP). Sixty smoking-related pictures were presented to 91 participants who assessed them according to the classic emotional pictures validation provided by the International Affective Picture System (NIMH Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, 2002). The pictures were rated according to three dimensions: (1) valence (from positive to negative), (2) emotional arousal (from high arousing to low arousing), and (3) dominance (from submissive to dominant). Participants were also screened with the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. Normative ratings for valence, arousal and dominance of the pictures are provided for the whole sample, as well as separately for dependent (n = 46) and nondependent smokers (n = 45). Arousal and dominance were associated with greater nicotine dependence, but valence ratings were not. The GSP is a normative database providing a large number of stimuli for investigators who are conducting nicotine and tobacco research.

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“…However, some of the aforementioned treatment techniques that contain DTI components (such as mindfulness meditation, or EMDR) showed promising results in treating substance use disorders [56,57]. Especially in the domain of nicotine craving, where it was shown that attentional resources are highly biased towards smoking-related stimuli [58,59], several studies suggest that interventions aiming to modify the attribution of attentional resources might be beneficial. Thus, it was shown that a concomitant attentional interference which was driven by auditory instructions showed to reduce significantly nicotine craving [60].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Perception and Emotional Coping: A Pathway for Behavioural Addiction?

Rougemont-Bücking

Grivel²

2013

Eur Addict Res

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This article summarizes current concepts of the working memory with regard to its role within emotional coping strategies. In particular, it focuses on the fact that the limited capacity of the working memory to process now-relevant information can be turned into an advantage, when the individual is occupied by dealing with unpleasant emotion. Based on a phenomenon known as dual-task interference (DTI), this emotion can be chased by intense arousal due to clearly identifiable external stressors. Thus, risk perception might be used as a ‘DTI inductor' that allows avoidance of unpleasant emotion. Successful mastery of risk adds a highly relevant dopaminergic component to the overall experience. The resulting mechanism of implicit learning may contribute to the development of a behavioural addiction. Besides its putative effects in the development of a behavioural addiction, the use of DTI might be of a more general interest for the clinical practice, especially in the field of psychotherapy.

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Attention Shift towards Smoking Cues Relates to Severity of Dependence, Smoking Behavior and Breath Carbon Monoxide

Cited by 29 publications

References 58 publications

Cigarette Cue Attentional Bias in Cocaine-Smoking and Non-Cocaine-Using Cigarette Smokers

Cigarette Cue Attentional Bias in Cocaine-Smoking and Non-Cocaine-Using Cigarette Smokers

The Geneva Smoking Pictures: Development and Preliminary Validation

Risk Perception and Emotional Coping: A Pathway for Behavioural Addiction?

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