Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, comorbidities, and risk situations

Reinhardt, Marcelo C.; Reinhardt, Caciane A.U.

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2013.03.015

Cited by 50 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…We took the world prevalence percentage, P = 7% [3] which is inclusive of both genders. We are aware that ADHD is more prevalent in males than females (4:1 ratio), and that this ratio tends to become 1:1 by the adult age [43]. This methodology as applied to our data, was reflected in Figures 5 and 6, where the probability distributions of the four parameters are shown along with the resulting splitting of the prevalence percentage for each case.…”

Section: Classification Methodologymentioning

confidence: 96%

A Probabilistic Classification Procedure Based on Response Time Analysis Towards a Quick Pre-Diagnosis of Student’s Attention Deficit

et al. 2019

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A classification methodology based on an experimental study is proposed towards a fast pre-diagnosis of attention deficit. Our sample consisted of school-aged children between 8 and 12 years from Valencia, Spain. The study was based on the response time (RT) to visual stimuli in computerized tasks. The process of answering consecutive questions usually follows an ex-Gaussian distribution of the RTs. Specifically, we seek to propose a simple automatic classification scheme of children based on the most recent evidence of the relationship between RTs and ADHD. Specifically, the prevalence percentage and reported evidence for RTs in relation to ADHD or to attention deficit symptoms were taken as reference in our study. We explain step by step how to go from the computer-based experiments and through the data analysis. Our desired aim is to provide a methodology to determine quickly those children who behave differently from the mean child in terms of response times and thus are potential candidates to be diagnosed for ADHD or any another cognitive disorder related to attention deficit. This is highly desirable as there is an urgent need for objective instruments to diagnose attention deficit symptomatology. Most of the methodologies available nowadays lead to an overdiagnosis of ADHD and are not based on direct measurement but on interviews of people related to the child such as parents or teachers. Although the ultimate diagnosis must be made by a psychologist, the selection provided by a methodology like ours could allow them to focus on assessing a smaller number of candidates which would help save time and other resources.

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Section: Classification Methodologymentioning

confidence: 96%

A Probabilistic Classification Procedure Based on Response Time Analysis Towards a Quick Pre-Diagnosis of Student’s Attention Deficit

et al. 2019

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“…In India also, ADHD is quite prevalent and diagnosed more frequently in boys than girls [ 6 – 8 ]. Co-morbidity with other psychiatric disorders is common and in such condition, impairment is more [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monoamine oxidase B gene variants associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the Indo-Caucasoid population from West Bengal

et al. 2016

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Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by symptoms of inattention, excessive motor activity and impulsivity detected mostly during childhood. These traits are known to be controlled by monoamine neurotransmitters, chiefly dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine. Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) and B (MAOB), two isoenzymes bound to the outer membrane of mitochondria, are involved in the degradation of monoamines and were explored for association with ADHD in different ethnic groups. In the present study, few exonic as well as intronic MAOB variants were analyzed in ADHD probands (N = 150) and ethnically matched controls (N = 150) recruited following the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-4 th edition (DSM-IV). Appropriate scales were used for measuring the behavioural attributes. Gene variants were analyzed by amplification of target sites followed by DNA sequencing and data obtained were analyzed by population based statistical methods. Results: Out of 34 variants present in the analyzed sites, only seven functional variants, rs4824562, rs56220155, rs2283728, rs2283727, rs3027441, rs6324 and rs3027440, were found to be polymorphic. rs2283728 'C' (P = 3.45e-006) and rs3027440 'T' (P = 0.02) alleles showed higher frequencies in ADHD probands as compared to controls. rs56220155 ' A' (P = 0.04) allele and 'GA' (P = 0.04) genotype showed higher frequencies in the male and female ADHD probands respectively as compared to sex-matched controls. Analysis of pairwise linkage disequilibrium revealed striking differences between probands and controls. Haplotype analysis revealed significantly higher occurrence of different haplotypes in the ADHD probands while some haplotypes were detected in the controls only. Higher scores for conduct problems were found to be associated with rs56220155 ' A' (P = 0.05) allele in the male ADHD probands. Multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis showed independent as well as interactive effects of polymorphic variants which were more robust in the male probands. Conclusions: Since all the polymorphic variants analyzed were functional, it may be inferred that MAOB gene variants are contributing to the etiology of ADHD in the Indo-Caucasoid population from eastern India which merits further in depth analysis.

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“…Outside the home environment, with friends and relatives, in school life, with teachers and classmates, adolescents with the disorder tend to repeat behaviors that they have at home. They get involved in conflicts, with verbal and physical aggressions, either as victims or as perpetrators ( 4 , 17 , 22 ) . When exposing themselves to these situations, they end up in risk of social exclusion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and exposure to violence: parents' opinion

Stefanini

Scherer

et al. 2015

Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem

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Objective: to identify the opinion of parents or guardians of adolescents diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) about their children's exposure as perpetrators or victims of violence situations in family life or outside. Method: qualitative study with use of thematic oral history. Nine parents of 07 adolescents with ADHD participated. Data were collected from April to September of 2013 using thematic interview. The interviews were recorded at scheduled times at the participants' home, with an average duration of 30 minutes. The findings were submitted to inductive thematic analysis. Results: data analysis allowed the identification of the occurrence of "Conflicts in family life" and "Conflicts in the context of school and community". Parents reported the involvement of their children as victims, perpetrators and witnesses of physical and psychological violence, and the difficulty of them and the school to understand and handle these situations. Conclusion: violence occurs in ADHD adolescents' interpersonal relationships. Communication between health professionals, school and families is precarious. Through the systematization of nursing care, nurses can plan strategies that articulate support networks and interpersonal relationships of adolescents with the disorder (family and school).

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Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, comorbidities, and risk situations

Abstract: The results show several comorbidities and risk situations involving the diagnosis of ADHD, thus reinforcing the importance of their identification for the adequate treatment of this disorder.

Cited by 50 publications

References 61 publications

A Probabilistic Classification Procedure Based on Response Time Analysis Towards a Quick Pre-Diagnosis of Student’s Attention Deficit

A Probabilistic Classification Procedure Based on Response Time Analysis Towards a Quick Pre-Diagnosis of Student’s Attention Deficit

Monoamine oxidase B gene variants associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the Indo-Caucasoid population from West Bengal

Adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and exposure to violence: parents' opinion

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