Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and risk-taking: A three-level meta-analytic review of behavioral, self-report, and virtual reality metrics

Roberts, Delanie K.; Alderson, R. Matt; Betancourt, Jessica L.; Bullard, Caitlin C.

doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102039

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…In line with previous studies and our hypothesis, we found that emerging adults with ADHD reported more risky behavior compared to TD individuals (Pollak et al, 2019(Pollak et al, , 2016Roberts et al, 2021;Shoham et al, 2021). Our sample did not, however, report more problematic alcohol and substance use than their TD peers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, in a more recent metaanalysis (Dekkers et al, 2016), no evidence was found for a moderating effect of age, the effect sizes were similar across different age groups ( β0 = .34 for children, .41 for adolescents, and .36 for adults), suggesting a developmentally stable disadvantageous decision-making among individuals with ADHD. Similarly, no moderating effect of age was found in a meta-analysis by Roberts et al (2021).…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

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Decision-making and Risky Behavior in Individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A 10-year Longitudinal Study

Orm

Pollak

Fossum

et al. 2022

Developmental Neuropsychology

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We assessed 85 children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and 50 typically developing children (TD) (M age = 11.59, 57.8% boys) with the Hungry Donkey Task (HDT) at baseline and 2-year follow-up, and the Iowa Gambling Task at 10-year follow-up (75% retention). Improvement in the proportion of advantageous choices was observed from two-to 10-year follow-up, but the ADHD group improved less and was outperformed by the TD group at the 10-year follow-up. More advantageous choices on the HDT at baseline predicted less risky behavior at 10-year follow-up. Male sex and more inattentive or externalizing symptoms at baseline predicted more risky behavior.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Decision-making and Risky Behavior in Individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A 10-year Longitudinal Study

Orm

Pollak

Fossum

et al. 2022

Developmental Neuropsychology

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“…There are also several gambling task design elements worthy of note. Recent meta-analytic evidence from gambling tasks in youth and adult ADHD suggests that task explicitness does not affect results (Dekkers et al, 2016;Roberts et al, 2021). Specifically, in the meta-regression by Dekkers et al (2016) and in the meta-analysis of by Roberts et al (2021), explicitness was not a significant moderator.…”

Section: Decision-making Tasksmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The most common tasks used to assess for hot EF in ADHD are decision-making (DM) tasks, including choice impulsivity and gambling (e.g., Antonini et al, 2015;Dolan & Lennox, 2013;Hobson et al, 2011;Kerr & Zelazo, 2004;O'Toole et al, 2018;Poland et al, 2016;Poon, 2018;Prencipe et al, 2011;Skogli et al, 2014Skogli et al, , 2017Yang et al, 2011). These tasks are also utilized extensively in ADHD research without use of the term "hot EF," as evidenced by many available reviews and metaanalyses on DM, choice impulsivity, or gambling (e.g., Dekkers et al, 2016Dekkers et al, , 2021Marx et al, 2018;Patros et al, 2016;Pauli-Pott & Becker, 2015;Roberts et al, 2021;Schulze et al, 2021). These extant meta-analyses and reviews will be included in order to synthesize all available evidence on these tasks in youth ADHD as they pertain to hot EF.…”

Section: Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Decision-making (DM) tasks assess the extent to which a participant makes suboptimal or risky choices in situations involving reward and can be further subdivided into choice impulsivity and gambling tasks (e.g., Dekkers et al, 2021;Roberts et al, 2021;Schulze et al, 2021). Furthermore, choice impulsivity tasks can be further delineated into delay of gratification (DG) and delay discounting (DD) tasks (Patros et al, 2016).…”

Section: Decision-making Tasksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A critical review of hot executive functioning in youth attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Methodological limitations, conceptual considerations, and future directions

et al. 2023

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Hot executive functioning (EF) – EF under emotionally or motivationally salient conditions – is a putative etiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), disruptive behavior problems (DBPs), and their related impairments. Despite two decades of research, the present study is the first review of the construct in youth ADHD, with a particular focus on the role of task design, age, and DBPs, as well as relevant conceptual and methodological considerations. While certain hot EF tasks have been investigated extensively (e.g., choice impulsivity), substantial inconsistency in measurement of the broader construct remains, severely limiting conclusions. Future research should a) consider the extent to which various hot EF tasks relate to one another, a higher order factor, and other related constructs; b) further investigate task design, particularly the elicitation of emotion or motivation and its anticipated effect on EF; and c) incorporate multiple levels of analysis to validate similarities and differences among tasks with regard to the affective experiences and cognitive demands they elicit. With improved measurement and conceptual clarity, hot EF has potential to advance the literature on etiological pathways to ADHD, DBPs and associated impairments and, more broadly, may represent a useful tool for understanding the influence of emotion and motivation on cognition.

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Use of methylphenidate and reporting of valvular heart disease: Global pharmacovigilance analysis in children and adults

Ayme‐Dietrich,

Kaguelidou,

Bertschy

et al. 2024

Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug

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IntroductionMethylphenidate (MPH) is a common treatment of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Concern has been raised regarding its cardiovascular safety, partly in relation with its micromolar affinity for the 5‐HT2B receptor, whose activation may result in valvular heart disease (VHD).MethodsTo explore the association between the use of MPH and VHD reporting, we performed a disproportionality analysis within the WHO global safety database (VigiBase) using data, since inception until March 6th 2024, from: (i) the full database and (ii) different age groups (children/adolescents 6–17 years; adults 18–64 years). To avoid competition bias, safety reports with amphetamine‐like appetite suppressants were excluded. Disproportionality was expressed using reporting odds‐ratio (ROR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsOf 29 129 spontaneous reports with MPH, 23 VHD cases (7.9 per 10 000 reports) were identified, including 13 adults and 10 children. Most cases concerned injury on the mitral valve. A disproportionate reporting was observed overall (ROR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1–2.4). Analysis according to age group found that disproportionality in VHD reporting was found in adults only (ROR 2.7, 95% CI 1.6–4.7) but not in children/adolescents (ROR 1.7, 95% CI 0.9–3.2). Furthermore, amongst MPH users only, VHD reporting was higher in adults compared to children (ROR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2–6.3).ConclusionVHD reporting appears rare with MPH compared to other adverse events and is increased in adults only. Our findings support a potential safety signal of VHD in adults exposed to MPH. A risk in that population cannot be excluded and requires further assessment.

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and risk-taking: A three-level meta-analytic review of behavioral, self-report, and virtual reality metrics

Cited by 15 publications

References 111 publications

Decision-making and Risky Behavior in Individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A 10-year Longitudinal Study

Decision-making and Risky Behavior in Individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A 10-year Longitudinal Study

A critical review of hot executive functioning in youth attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Methodological limitations, conceptual considerations, and future directions

Use of methylphenidate and reporting of valvular heart disease: Global pharmacovigilance analysis in children and adults

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