Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and comorbidity: A review of literature

Gnanavel, Sundar; Sharma, Pallavi; Kaushal, Pulkit; Hussain, Sharafat

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v7.i17.2420

Cited by 149 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…The presence of autism rises as the severity of learning disabilities increases and 11% of students who receive services under IDEA for specific learning disabilities also have been diagnosed with ASD (O'Brien & Pearson, 2004). Approximately 40% of people with autism have learning disabilities and studies suggest that 80% of kids with high functioning autism meet the criteria for non-verbal learning disability (Dinklage, 2020;Gnanavel, Sharma, Kaushal, & Hussain, 2019;Romero et al, 2016).…”

Section: Learning Disabilities (Ld)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thriving in the New Normal: How COVID-19 has Affected Alternative Learners and Their Families and Implementing Effective, Creative Therapeutic Interventions

Saline

2021

Smith College Studies in Social Work

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Section: Learning Disabilities (Ld)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thriving in the New Normal: How COVID-19 has Affected Alternative Learners and Their Families and Implementing Effective, Creative Therapeutic Interventions

Saline

2021

Smith College Studies in Social Work

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“…Studies have shown a high comorbidity between ADHD and behavioral disorders in the form of opposition and defiance, depression and anxiety. Some mechanisms for comorbidity include shared risk factors, distinct subtypes and weak causal relationships [10].…”

Section: Comorbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Study by Pliszka included 1035 children and adolescents at a psychiatric clinic and reported that 167 children and adolescents with ADHD were also diagnosed with oppositional defiant or conductive disorder [13]. Research demonstrated that 30-50% children with ADHD fulfill criteria for conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder [14]. These children are also at higher risk of substance abuse, antisocial activities, rejection from peers, school failure, anxiety and depression.…”

Section: Comorbidity With Behavioral Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents with ADHD

Radmanović¹,

Burgić²

2021

ADHD - From Etiology to Comorbidity

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with or without hyperactivity disorder is a neurobiological disorder that involves the interaction of the neuroanatomical and neurotransmitter systems. It is a developmental disorder of psychomotor skills that is manifested by impaired attention, motor hyperactivity and impulsivity. This disorder is characterized by early onset, the association of hyperactive and poorly coordinated behavior with marked inattention and lack of perseverance in performing tasks; and this behavior occurs in all situations and persists over time. This disorder is inappropriate for the child’s developmental age and maladaptive. Disorders of neurotransmitter metabolism in the brain with discrete neurological changes can lead to behavioral difficulties and other psychological problems. Most children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder have comorbidities, often multiple comorbid conditions in the same person. Comorbidity was observed in both clinical and epidemiological samples. It is estimated that about two-thirds of children with this disorder have at least one other psychiatric disorder diagnosed. Symptoms persist and lead to significant difficulties in the daily functioning of the child, such as school success, social interactions, family and social functioning, etc. Recent studies indicate the presence of various neuroophthalmological disorders in children and adolescents with ADHD. The most common comorbidities in children and adolescents with ADHD that will be covered in this chapter are autism spectrum disorder, mood disorder, anxiety, learning disabilities, conduct disorders, tics disorder and epilepsy.

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“…Some studies showed the presence of ADHD predicts antisocial behavior and is an indicator of the severity of the symptoms developed in CD. Children with ADHD and comorbid CD have higher rates of criminal behavior as adults, SUD, and school dropouts [26]. While ADHD and CD share some common risk factors like low family socioeconomic status and parental conflict, the risk of developing CD is associated with antisocial peers, high neighborhood crime, and cold parental attitude [25,27].…”

Section: Comorbidity Of Adhd CD and Oddmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Psychosocial Outcome of Conduct and Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Eskander

2020

Cureus

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders diagnosed in children below the age of 12 years. It is characterized by hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsive behavior. ADHD affects the social, academic, and psychological aspects of children and adolescents. Children with ADHD struggle with school tasks and performance. They have lower grades than their peers and have difficulties interacting with their friends. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a mental disorder characterized by disruptive behavior, a pattern of angry and irritable mood, argumentative, and vindictive behavior. Children with ODD struggle with forming friendships and have problems at school. Conduct disorder (CD) is divided into the childhood onset and the adolescent onset types. The childhood onset is associated with poor outcomes in adulthood, an increase in criminal behavior, violence, and progression to antisocial behavior. Children with CD are at increased risk for substance use disorders (SUD) and antisocial personality disorder. The current literature review is aiming to provide an overview of the psychosocial impact of comorbid ODD and CD in children with ADHD. The results of this study review showed the comorbidity of ODD and CD is very strong. ODD is a strong predictor of CD in boys. The presence of comorbid ODD and ADHD in children is a significant predictor of adolescent onset CD. The comorbidity of ADHD with ODD and CD worsens symptom severity and is associated with high psychosocial dysfunction. Children with ADHD and comorbid ODD and CD have difficulties with school, friends, and trouble with the police.

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and comorbidity: A review of literature

Cited by 149 publications

References 57 publications

Thriving in the New Normal: How COVID-19 has Affected Alternative Learners and Their Families and Implementing Effective, Creative Therapeutic Interventions

Thriving in the New Normal: How COVID-19 has Affected Alternative Learners and Their Families and Implementing Effective, Creative Therapeutic Interventions

Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents with ADHD

The Psychosocial Outcome of Conduct and Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

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