Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Obesity: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Cortese, Samuele; Angriman, Marco; Maffeis, Claudio; Isnard, Pascale; Konofal, Éric; Lecendreux, Michel; Purper-Ouakil, Diane; Vincenzi, Brenda; Bernardina, Bernardo Dalla; Mouren, Marie–Christine

doi:10.1080/10408390701540124

Cited by 235 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…5 These behaviors may predispose them to bullying involvement, and impulsivity and inhibition problems have also been linked to overeating and overweight. 29 Contrary to our hypothesis, children with overweight had risks of bullying involvement similar to those of their normal-weight counterparts. This similarity has been observed previously in studies of secondary school and higher grades in primary school.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Teacher and Peer Reports of Overweight and Bullying Among Young Primary School Children

et al. 2014

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Overweight and peer victimization are common in childhood and negatively affect health and well-being. Overweight may predispose children to peer victimization, but whether adiposity also increases the risk of bullying perpetration is unclear. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:A high BMI at school entry predicts bullying involvement, according to reports of teachers and children themselves. Although trends were visible across the whole BMI spectrum, particularly obese children were victimized and likely to be bully perpetrators. abstract BACKGROUND: Overweight is a potential risk factor for peer victimization in late childhood and adolescence. The current study investigated the association between BMI in early primary school and different bullying involvement roles (uninvolved, bully, victim, and bully-victim) as reported by teachers and children themselves. METHODS:In a population-based study in the Netherlands, measured BMI and teacher-reported bullying behavior were available for 4364 children (mean age = 6.2 years). In a subsample of 1327 children, a peer nomination method was used to obtain child reports of bullying. RESULTS:In both teacher-and child-reported data, a higher BMI was associated with more victimization and more bullying perpetration. For instance, a 1-point increase in BMI was associated with a 0.05 increase on the standardized teacher-reported victimization score (95% confidence interval, 0.03 to 0.07; P , .001). Combining the victimization and bullying scores into different types of bullying involvement showed that children with obesity, but not children with overweight, had a significantly higher risk to be a bully-victim (odds ratio = 2.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.62 to 3.14) than normal-weight peers. CONCLUSIONS:At school entry, a high BMI is a risk factor associated with victimization and bullying perpetration, with obese children particularly likely to be victims and aggressors. Results were consistent for teacher and child reports of bullying, supporting the validity of our findings. Possibly, obesity triggers peer problems, but the association may also reflect a common underlying cause that makes obese children vulnerable to bullying involvement. Pediatrics 2014;134:473-480

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Teacher and Peer Reports of Overweight and Bullying Among Young Primary School Children

et al. 2014

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“…Maternal educational level was, for example, positively associated with healthy food choices, being physically active and restriction of sedentary time. 55 BMI Adult (parental) BMI and ADHD 43 and ADHD symptoms 30,56 are epidemiologically associated. ADHD is highly heritable 51 through both genetic and shared environmental influences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with childhood overweight adjusted for confounding parental variables

2012

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OBJECTIVE: There have been numerous reports on association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and overweight/obesity in children and adolescents; however, most studies adjusted only for a limited number of possible confounders. METHODS: We analyzed the data of 11 159 six through seventeen-year-old participants in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents. We determined weight status based on measured anthropometry and national reference data by International Obesity Task Force criteria. The parent-rated hyperactivity/inattention subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-HI) was used as a continuous measure of ADHD symptoms. We examined whether the putative confounders socioeconomic status, migrant status, parental body mass index (BMI) and parental smoking were associated with both SDQ-HI and overweight/obesity. Associations between SDQ-HI and overweight/obesity vs normal weight were analyzed by binary logistic regression analyses. In the first model, we adjusted for age and sex only and in the second model also for the parental confounders. RESULTS: SDQ-HI was associated with an increased risk for overweight/obesity in both sexes adjusting for age and sex. However, after adjusting for all confounders SDQ-HI was associated with an increased risk for overweight/obesity only in adolescent females. Socioeconomic status, parental BMI and parental smoking each were relevant confounders. Migrant status was also significantly associated with both SDQ-HI and overweight/obesity, thus qualifying as a confounder but contributed only weakly to the association. CONCLUSIONS: The association between ADHD symptoms and overweight/obesity is due to confounding by family background variables in all but adolescent girls. Possible reasons for the increased risk for overweight/obesity in this subgroup are discussed. We also propose possible mechanisms for confounding by parental socioeconomic status, BMI and smoking.

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“…A review of the literature (Cortese et al, 2008) concluded that samples of obese children referred for obesity treatment present with a higher than expected prevalence of ADHD. Additionally, although the data were limited, all studies included indicated that subjects with ADHD were heavier than expected.…”

Section: Attention Defi Cit Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd) In Obese Chmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric comorbidity of childhood obesity

Kalarchian

Marcus

2012

International Review of Psychiatry

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Obesity: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Cited by 235 publications

References 74 publications

Teacher and Peer Reports of Overweight and Bullying Among Young Primary School Children

Teacher and Peer Reports of Overweight and Bullying Among Young Primary School Children

Association of symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with childhood overweight adjusted for confounding parental variables

Psychiatric comorbidity of childhood obesity

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