Attending globally or locally: Incidental learning of optimal visual attention allocation.

Beck, Melissa R.; Goldstein, Rebecca R.; Lamsweerde, Amanda E. van; Ericson, Justin M.

doi:10.1037/xlm0000428

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Our idea is to ensure that the navigator is always aware of their own position relative to a global landmark. Learning this information not only helps people to develop a cognitive map of the environment, it is also considered to be one of the most significant strategies for the allocation of attention 23 and developing spatial memory 7 , 10 . It therefore serves as a sort of proxy for a compass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using virtual global landmark to improve incidental spatial learning

Singh

Lin

2022

Sci Rep

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To reduce the decline of spatial cognitive skills caused by the increasing use of automated GPS navigation, the virtual global landmark (VGL) system is proposed to help people naturally improve their sense of direction. Designed to accompany a heads-up navigation system, VGL system constantly displays silhouette of global landmarks in the navigator’s vision as a notable frame of reference. This study exams how VGL system impacts incidental spatial learning, i.e., subconscious spatial knowledge acquisition. We asked 55 participants to explore a virtual environment and then draw a map of what they had explored while capturing electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and eye activity. The results suggest that, with the VGL system, participants paid more attention during exploration and performed significantly better at the map drawing task—a result that indicates substantially improved incidental spatial learning. This finding might kickstart a redesigning navigation aids, to teach users to learn a route rather than simply showing them the way.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using virtual global landmark to improve incidental spatial learning

Singh

Lin

2022

Sci Rep

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“…Another reason for the lower ratings in the low SF condition may be that the coarse information (low SFs) is often processed with global attention strategy (Beck et al, 2018; Shulman & Wilson, 1987). Cuteness is evolutionally associated with protective caregiving behaviors (Kringelbach et al, 2016; Nittono et al, 2012; Sherman et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This interpretation is supported by the conclusion that cuteness can improve the performance of tasks (e.g., motor dexterity task and visual search task), which requires focused attention (Nittono et al, 2012; Sherman et al, 2009). Compared with relatively high SFs, low SFs are less appropriate to be processed with a local attention strategy (Beck et al, 2018; Flevaris et al, 2010; Henriksson et al, 2008; Shulman & Wilson, 1987). The global attention strategy may not be helpful for facilitating caregiving behaviors to some extent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial frequencies affect cuteness perception of infant faces.

Zhou

et al. 2023

Emotion

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Cuteness perception is a basic function in social interactions. Most studies focus on the impact of facial elemental features on cuteness ratings, but there are many factors that affect cuteness perception. Spatial frequency (SF) is one of the most important parameters in studies on faces. However, few studies have investigated the impact of SFs on cuteness perception. In this study, 16 images of infant faces with four cuteness levels were selected by a prerating experiment. Using a 7-point Likert scale paradigm, participants were asked to rate the cuteness of infant faces, including one version of broad unfiltered faces and four versions of filtered faces. The results showed that filtered SFs reduced cuteness ratings and that the impact of SFs was related to the cuteness levels of faces. Specifically, faces with low SFs got the lowest cuteness ratings. The ratings of faces with low SFs in neutral cuteness had a greater reduction than that in positive cuteness. In comparison, faces with medium and high SFs obtained relatively high cuteness ratings. However, the ratings in medium SFs were higher than that in high SFs if the cuteness of faces exceeded a certain level. Interestingly, their ratings reduction size increased with the improvement of cuteness levels. These results extend our understanding of the cuteness mechanism from an SF processing perspective.

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“…However, unbeknownst to the participants, earned points did not affect the number of trials in the experiment. Non-monetary rewards have shown to be effective in guiding human behaviors such as attention ( Beck, Goldstein, van Lamsweerde, & Ericson, 2018 ; Kim & Beck, 2020b ) and decision-making ( Tversky & Kahneman, 1981 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diminishing sensitivity and absolute difference in value-driven attention

2022

Self Cite

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Kim and Beck (2020b) demonstrated that value-driven attention is based on relative value rather than absolute value, suggesting that prospect theory is relevant to our understanding of value-driven attention. To further this understanding, the present study investigated the impacts of diminishing sensitivity on value-driven attention. According to diminishing sensitivity, changes in outcomes have greater impacts nearer the reference point of 0 than farther from the point. Thus, the difference between $1 and $100 looms larger than that between $901 and $1000, due to their different ratios (100/1 > 1000/901). However, according to the absolute difference hypothesis, the differences should have similar impacts due to the absolute differences being the same (100 – 1 = 1000 – 901). Experiment 1 investigated whether diminishing sensitivity operates in the modified value-driven attention paradigm while controlling the impact of absolute differences. In the training phase, 100-point and 1000-point color targets had references of 1-point and 901-point color targets, respectively. In the test phase, 100-point color distractors attracted attention more than 1000-point color distractors, supporting the diminishing sensitivity hypothesis. Experiment 2 examined the absolute difference hypothesis while controlling the impact of diminishing sensitivity. Contrary to the absolute difference hypothesis, the test phase showed that 1000-point color distractors (compared with 10-point colors for a 990 absolute difference in the training phase) failed to attract attention more than 100-point color distractors (compared with 1-point colors, for a 99 absolute difference). These results suggest that diminishing sensitivity rather than absolute difference influences value-driven attention, further supporting the relevance of prospect theory to value-driven attention.

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Attending globally or locally: Incidental learning of optimal visual attention allocation.

Cited by 5 publications

References 42 publications

Using virtual global landmark to improve incidental spatial learning

Using virtual global landmark to improve incidental spatial learning

Spatial frequencies affect cuteness perception of infant faces.

Diminishing sensitivity and absolute difference in value-driven attention

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