Attapulgite@polymer particles with double‐layer polymer shell via soapless seeded emulsion polymerization

Liu, Yushan; Liu, Peng; Su, Zhixing

doi:10.1002/app.27358

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…1. The particles are approximately 20 nm in diameter, the length is from several hundred nanometers to several micrometers, and it has high temperature endurance and high surface area [21]. There are large reserves of ATP in South China (Jiang Su, Zhe Jiang, and An Hui provinces) and in the USA (Florida), although ATP has been mainly used as absorbent, catalyst carrier for the applications in various catalytic reactions, densifying agent, adhesive, food additive and a filler, etc [22].…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Permeabilized Brewer's Yeast Cells Immobilized on the Derived Attapulgite Nanofibers

Zhao

Hou

Gong

et al. 2009

Appl Biochem Biotechnol

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Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from permeabilized brewer's yeast was immobilized on derived attapulgite nanofibers via glutaraldehyde covalent binding. The effect of immobilization on ADH activity, optimum temperature and pH, thermal, pH and operational stability, reusability of immobilized ADH, and bioreduction of ethyl 3-oxobutyrate (EOB) to ethyl(S)-3-hydroxybutyrate ((S)-EHB) by the immobilized ADH were investigated. The results show the immobilized ADH retained higher activity over wider ranges of pH and temperature than those of the free. The optimum temperature and pH were 7.5 and 35 degrees C, respectively, and 58% of the original activity was retented after incubation at 35 degrees C for 32 h. More importantly, in bioreduction of EOB mediated by immobilized ADH, the conversion of substrate and enantiomeric excess (ee) of product reached 88% and 99.2%, respectively, within 2 h and retained about 42% of the initial activity after eight cycles.

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Permeabilized Brewer's Yeast Cells Immobilized on the Derived Attapulgite Nanofibers

Zhao

Hou

Gong

et al. 2009

Appl Biochem Biotechnol

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“…However, ATT has a larger length/diameter ratio relative to PS particles, which have an average particle size of approximately 90–85 nm, as seen in TEM images. Therefore, the monomer-encapsulated ATT latex claimed by Liu et al was not established in our system. Furthermore, the general purpose of the pretreatment of the ATT needles with surfactants was to introduce the organic chains onto the ATT needle surfaces so they had more affinity for the monomers, thereby facilitating encapsulation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Attapulgite clay (ATT) is a kind of needle-shaped silicate. The particles are 20 nm in diameter, and the length can be from several hundred nanometers to several micrometers. , Recently, there have been several studies describing the preparation of PNCs using ATT. − For example, Shen et al successfully synthesized polyamide-6 (PA6)/ATT nanocomposites via in situ polymerization, in which ATT was modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI). The microscopic results showed that the ATT particles were well-dispersed in the PA6 matrix on a nanometer scale and formed an “exfoliated” morphology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The morphologies of the particles prepared in the present study were compared with those obtained by other researchers. Liu et al 34 prepared PMMA/ATT composites via soapless seeded emulsion polymerization; ATT was modified with CTAB. They found that ATT needles with longer length/diameter ratios were encapsulated by the two polymer shell to form a beaded string shape, whereas the ATT needles with shorter length/diameter ratios were well-encapsulated by the two-polymer shell and formed the core−shell particles.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Nanoclay Shape and Surface Characteristics on the Morphology and Thermal Properties of Polystyrene Nanocomposites Synthesized via Emulsion Polymerization

Greesh

Ray

Bandyopadhyay

2013

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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This work evaluates the role of the surface properties and shape of clay type on the morphology, thermal, and thermo-mechanical properties of the polystyrene (PS)/clay nanocomposites prepared via free-radical emulsion polymerization. Attapulgite clay (ATT) with a needle-like morphology and montmorillonite clay (MMT) with a platelet-like structure were used in this study. The dispersed behavior of the clay particles in the PS matrix was studied using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Only intercalated structures were obtained with ATT at all of the clay loadings, whereas semiexfoliated structures were observed with MMT in the low clay loading. All of the composites obtained were found to be more thermally stable than neat PS. However, the composites prepared with the MMT exhibited greater thermal stability relative to those prepared using the ATT at similar clay loading. Furthermore, the composites prepared with MMT exhibited higher storage moduli than those prepared using ATT.

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Atomic‐Scale Characterization of Aluminum‐Based Multishell Nanoparticles Created by Solid‐State Synthesis

Monachon

Dunand

Seidman

2010

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Many metallic alloys contain nanoparticles created by solidstate precipitation and, to date, these nanoparticles show simple chemical structures (either homogenous or core-shell). Creating more-complex nanoparticles in metallic alloys (e.g., particles with a core surrounded by multiple concentric shells) would be interesting for two reasons. First, this would represent a proof of concept of a generic, solid-state approach based on a simple heat treatment, applicable to a large variety of metallic and nonmetallic systems with particular characteristics (i.e., a matrix with solubility for solute elements varying with temperature whose diffusion kinetics are mismatched). [1,2] Second, in the field of structural metallic alloys, such complex, tailored nanoparticles can better fulfill the often contradictory requirements for particle stiffness, lattice-parameter mismatch, and shearability, which control the elastic interactions of nanoparticles with dislocations (and hence the alloy's strength) and their coarsening resistance via intrinsic diffusivities and interfacial free energies (and hence the alloy's aging resistance). [3][4][5][6] While core/multishell nanoparticles have been synthesized in liquid suspensions, [7][8][9][10][11] they have never been created within a solid matrix to the best of our knowledge.Core/single-shell particles form in aluminum alloys upon heat treatment; for example, Al 3 (Sc, rare earth (RE)) nanoparticles with RE-rich cores and Sc-rich shells [2,12] and Al 3 (Li, Sc) particles with Al 3 (Sc, Li) cores and Al 3 Li shells. [3,13] In this Communication, we present a general methodology for synthesizing nanoparticles with a core and two concentric shells, which we demonstrate for a quaternary AlÀLiÀScÀRE alloy by combining the methods used to create single-shell nanoparticles in ternary AlÀScÀRE, [2,12] and AlÀLiÀSc alloys. [3,13] Here, core/double-shell nanoparticles were obtained by applying the following heat treatment to an Al-6.3Li-0.069Sc-0.018Yb alloy: a) homogenization at 6408C followed by quenching in an iced brine, b) aging at 3258C for 8 h, followed by quenching down to 1708C, and c) aging for one week at this temperature and quenching in ice brine.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations after the 6408C homogenization step detected primary particles (%1-5 mm in size) at grain boundaries containing Sc, Yb, and Li. As a result, the a-Al matrix had a somewhat depleted composition of Al-5.5Li-0.055Sc-0.008Yb as measured by atom-probe tomography (APT) performed immediately after homogenization. The first 3258C aging step avoids the formation of the stable AlLi d-phase (with the B 32 structure [14] ), while providing a large thermodynamic driving force for homogenously distributed precipitates of core/shell Al 3 X (L 12 ) nanoparticles, where X can be Li, Sc, and/or Yb, as all three binary L 12 trialuminides exist. [4,15,16] The second 1708C aging step was performed close to the metastable d'-Al 3 Li solvus curve [17] to minimize the thermodynamic driving force for homogeneous ...

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Attapulgite@polymer particles with double‐layer polymer shell via soapless seeded emulsion polymerization

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Characterization of Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Permeabilized Brewer's Yeast Cells Immobilized on the Derived Attapulgite Nanofibers

Characterization of Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Permeabilized Brewer's Yeast Cells Immobilized on the Derived Attapulgite Nanofibers

Role of Nanoclay Shape and Surface Characteristics on the Morphology and Thermal Properties of Polystyrene Nanocomposites Synthesized via Emulsion Polymerization

Atomic‐Scale Characterization of Aluminum‐Based Multishell Nanoparticles Created by Solid‐State Synthesis

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