Attalea butyracea próximas a las viviendas como posible fuente de infestación domiciliaria por Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) en los Llanos Orientales de Colombia

Abstract

Introducción. La presencia de Rhodnius prolixus en palmas en los Llanos Orientales, zona de alto riesgo para la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi, y su frecuente visita al intradomicilio, hacen necesario confirmar este hábitat como posible fuente de infestación. Objetivo. Comprobar la infestación por R. prolixus en Attalea butyracea próximas a viviendas en los Llanos Orientales. Materiales y métodos. Se examinaron palmas próximas a las viviendas rurales en los departamentos de Casanare y Arauca, utilizando trampas con cebo vivo, y mediante búsqueda activa y vigilancia comunitaria, se recolectaron triatominos en el intradomicilio. Con criterios morfológicos se determinó la especie recolectada y con la técnica de PCR se estableció la infección natural. Resultados. Se recolectaron 529 ninfas y adultos de R. prolixus y 5 ninfas de Eratyrus mucronatus en 111/172 (64,53 %) A. butyracea ubicadas a menos de 500 m de las viviendas. En el mismo periodo se recolectaron en el intradomicilio 132 R. prolixus y especímenes de Psammolestes arthuri, Cavernicola pilosa, Triatoma maculata, Panstrongylus geniculatus y 20 ninfas de E. mucronatus en un cúmulo de adobes en el corredor de una vivienda. Se detectó infección natural por T. cruzi en 28,76 % de R. prolixus de palmas y 30 % del intradomicilio. Conclusiones. Los resultados del presente estudio revelan una nueva situación epidemiológica de transmisión de la enfermedad de Chagas, caracterizada por las altas tasas de infestación de R. prolixus en palmas próximas a viviendas y su frecuente intrusión; su impacto debe ser evaluado para diseñar medidas de prevención de la enfermedad.Palabras clave: Rhodnius, Triatominae, enfermedad de Chagas, Trypanosoma cruzi, Colombia.Attalea butyracea palms adjacent to housing as a source of infestation by Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Introduction. The presence of Rhodnius prolixus in palms on the eastern plains area of Colombia provide a high risk for infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. Intensive surveillance of the palm tree habitat are necessary to confirm the presence of bugs and provide evidence that this habitat is a source of house infestations. Objective. The infestation by R. prolixus in the palm, Attalea butyracea, was investigated near homes for assessment of risk. Materials and methods. Palms were examined for Rhodnius bugs adjacent to rural housing in the eastern plains provinces of Casanare and Arauca, Colombia. Bait traps were used as well as an active search by the investigators and a community watch program to collect intradomiciliary triatomine bugs. Collected species were identified by morphological criteria,and natural T.cruzi infections in the triatomine bugs were detected by the PCR technique. Results. In 111 of 172 (64.5%) palms (A. butyracea) inspected, 529 nymphs and adults of R. prolixus and 5 nymphs of Eratyrus mucronatus were collected. The A. butyracea were located within 500 m of housing. In the same period, 132 R. prolixus and specimens of the triatomine species Psammolestes arthuri, Cavernicola pilosa, Tr...

Risk of transmission of Chagas disease by intrusion of triatomines and wild mammals in Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia

“…La notificación y la recolección de triatominos de las dos especies por parte de la comunidad en este estudio, demuestran de forma inequívoca la importancia de la incorporación de la participación comunitaria en la vigilancia epidemiológica, como se ha comprobado al comparar métodos de vigilancia entomológica (46,47), así como de estrategias de prevención y control basadas en sistemas sostenibles de vigilancia que permitan la notificación de la presencia de vectores, de los potenciales huéspedes y de casos febriles que podrían deberse a la enfermedad aguda de Chagas (40).…”

Human Trypanosomiasis in the Eastern Plains of Colombia: New Transmission Scenario

“…This pattern may signify the extension of the wild transmission cycle to the human environment, a situation that highlights the contact risk of its inhabitants with these populations of infected triatomines, as was suggested earlier for this region. 6 This flow of triatomines from wild ecotopes to dwellings has been previously documented in Colombia (K. P. Luna, Thesis Dissertation, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 2009) and Venezuela. 13,14 The infection of the human inhabitants with T. cruzi in this study agrees with that found in school-age children, in pregnant women, and in the general population in rural areas of this region, 7,15 and it is similar to that found in the state of Barinas in Venezuela's Orinoquía.…”

“…4,5 A decade after the adoption of a government program to control domiciliary triatomines, in our observation, this species has been controlled. However, another transmission scenario has begun to be known with checking of the wild cycle in peridomiciliary palms as a transmission risk factor in the departments of the eastern plains 6 and the reporting of high prevalence rates of human infection with T. cruzi. 7 This study was conducted for the purpose of clarifying the epidemiological characteristics of this scenario in this region.…”

“…8 During 6 months in the dry season, the inhabitants, ETV program technicians, and researchers conducted entomological surveillance of domiciliary infestation by triatomines using three methods: community surveillance, actively searching (hours/ man) without vacating, and "Maria" biosensors. 9 In dwellings with palms located within 100 m of the peridomicile, individuals of A. butyracea and Cocus nucífera were examined using live bait traps 6,9 ; the degree of infestation and colonization and the clustering (number of collected triatomines/number of palms or dwellings infested) and density (number of collected triatomines/number of palms or dwellings examined) in the two habitats (dwellings and palms) were established. 10 The intestinal content of the triatomines collected alive was used for identifying their food sources by ELISA technique 11 and determining the natural infection by direct examination and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).…”

“…10 The intestinal content of the triatomines collected alive was used for identifying their food sources by ELISA technique 11 and determining the natural infection by direct examination and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using primers S35 and S36, 6 a 330-bp fragment corresponding to the kinetoplast minicircle DNA sequence specific to T. cruzi was amplified. Trypanosoma cruzi in triatomines and domestic mammals was isolated and classified as T. cruzi, T. cruzi I, or T. cruzi II using the TC/TC1/TC2 primers for the intergenic spacer of miniexon genes.…”