Attacking location privacy

Fechner, Thore; Kray, Christian

doi:10.1145/2370216.2370232

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Steel demand is driven by the need for buildings, infrastructure, and vehicle production. Coincident with China's growth over the last generation, global raw steel demand rose 3.3%/year from~650 Mt in 1990to~1,500 Mt in 2015(Accenture Research, 2017; UN Environment et al, 2018). Demand is projected to rise at a slower pace in the future, between 0.4 and 1.4%/year through 2035 from slower Chinese demand, broad system efficiencies, and higher Indian and African and other developing country demand, bringing it to~2,100 Mt/year by 2050 if growth rates continue (Accenture Research, 2017).…”

Section: Projected Demand For Key Industrial Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Steel iron ore "deoxidization" CO 2 process emissions and melting heat (Fischedick, Marzinkowski, Winzer, & Weigel, 2014). • Cement lime calcination CO 2 process emissions and two stages of process heating, 800 C for decarbonation of limestone and 1,450 C for clinker processing ( UN Environment et al, 2018). • Steam methane reforming CO 2 process emissions for hydrogen feedstock production for ammonia for fertilizers and other chemicals (Philibert, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Physical and policy pathways to net‐zero emissions industry

Bataille

2019

WIREs Climate Change

103

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Several recent studies have identified emerging and near-commercial process and technological options to transition heavy industry to global net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by mid-century, as required by the Paris Agreement. To reduce industrial emissions with sufficient speed to meet the Paris goals, this review article argues for the rapid formation of regional and sectoral transition plans, implemented through comprehensive policy packages. These policy packages, which will differ by country, sector, and level of development, must reflect regional capacities, politics, resources, and other key circumstances, and be informed and accepted by the stakeholders who must implement the transition. These packages will likely include a mix of the following mutually reinforcing strategies: reducing and substituting the demand for GHG intense materials (i.e., material efficiency) while raising the quantity and quality of recycling through intentional design and regulation; removal of energy subsidies combined with carbon pricing with competitiveness protection; research and development support for decarbonized production technologies followed by lead markets and subsidized prices during early stage commercialization; sunset policies for older high carbon facilities; electricity, hydrogen and carbon capture, and storage infrastructure planning and support; and finally, supporting institutions, including for a "just workforce & community transition" and monitoring and adjustment of policy effectiveness. Given the paucity of industrial decarbonization perspectives available for in-transition and lessdeveloped countries, the review finishes with a discussion of priorities and responsibilities for developed, in-transition and less developed countries.

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Section: Projected Demand For Key Industrial Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and policy pathways to net‐zero emissions industry

Bataille

2019

WIREs Climate Change

103

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“…thus, the commuting flow of the area from a grid to another grid can be predicted through gravity model function with the obtained coefficients µ, θ, γ and α. Since the gravity model function can be transferred to be Equation (10), our objective can be equivalent to obtain the coefficients µ, θ, γ and ln α to make Equation 10…”

Section: Transition Probabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once the adversaries acquire the users' trajectory data, they can analyze the users' trajectories to extract the users' sensitive information including home address, company address, health conditions, personal interests, and hobbies through data mining [9]. As a result, the adversaries can judge the uses' regular lifestyle and may make some harassment or behavior for the purpose of profit [10]. Therefore, the trajectory protection for IoT is especially a critical issue that urgently needs to be solved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectory Protection Schemes Based on a Gravity Mobility Model in IoT

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2019

Electronics

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With the proliferation of the Internet-of-Things (IoT), the users’ trajectory data containing privacy information in the IoT systems are easily exposed to the adversaries in continuous location-based services (LBSs) and trajectory publication. Existing trajectory protection schemes generate dummy trajectories without considering the user mobility pattern accurately. This would cause that the adversaries can easily exclude the dummy trajectories according to the obtained geographic feature information. In this paper, the continuous location entropy and the trajectory entropy are defined based on the gravity mobility model to measure the level of trajectory protection. Then, two trajectory protection schemes are proposed based on the defined entropy metrics to protect the trajectory data in continuous LBSs and trajectory publication, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed schemes have a higher level than the enhanced dummy-location selection (enhance-DLS) scheme and the random scheme.

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“…Yang, Zhu, Seiter, and Tröster () introduced a measure based on how revealing a place category can be based on its uniqueness in the vicinity. Fechner and Kray () discussed different human strategies to re‐identify previously anonymized individuals. In an experiment involving a location‐based game, they have shown that such strategies can be extremely successful.…”

Section: Safeguarding Geoprivacymentioning

confidence: 99%

A geoprivacy manifesto

Keßler

McKenzie

2017

Transactions in GIS

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As location-enabled technologies are becoming ubiquitous, our location is being shared with an ever-growing number of external services. Issues revolving around location privacy -or geoprivacy -therefore concern the vast majority of the population, largely without knowing how the underlying technologies work and what can be inferred from an individual's location, especially if recorded over longer periods of time. Research, on the other hand, has largely treated this topic from isolated standpoints, most prominently from the technological and ethical point of view. This article therefore reflects upon the current state of geoprivacy from a broader perspective. It integrates technological, ethical, legal, and educational aspects and clarifies how they interact and shape how we deal with the corresponding technology, both individually and as a society. It does so in the form of a manifesto, consisting of 21 theses that summarise the main arguments made in the article. These theses argue that location information is di↵erent from other kinds of personal information and, in combination, show why geoprivacy (and privacy in general) needs to be protected and should not become a mere illusion. The fictional couple of Jane and Tom is used as a running example to illustrate how common it has become to share our location information, and how it can be usedboth for good and for worse.

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Attacking location privacy

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Physical and policy pathways to net‐zero emissions industry

Physical and policy pathways to net‐zero emissions industry

Trajectory Protection Schemes Based on a Gravity Mobility Model in IoT

A geoprivacy manifesto

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