Attacker–defender models and road network vulnerability

Bell, M.G.; Kanturska, Urszula; Schmöcker, Jan-Dirk; Fonzone, Achille

doi:10.1098/rsta.2008.0019

Cited by 118 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Currently, vulnerability analysis of urban rail transit networks mainly refers to the research achievements in road network systems [13][14][15][16]. Gao and Shi [17] proposed an evaluation model of metro system invulnerability based on network topology and calculated the evaluation indices with matrix logic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability Analysis of Urban Rail Transit Networks: A Case Study of Shanghai, China

2015

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Rail transit is developing rapidly in major cities of China and has become a key component of urban transport. Nevertheless, the security and reliability in operation are significant issues that cannot be neglected. In this paper, the network and station vulnerabilities of the urban rail transit system were analyzed based on complex network and graph theories. A vulnerability evaluation model was proposed by accounting metro interchange and passenger flow and further validated by a case study of Shanghai Metro with full-scale network and real-world traffic data. It is identified that the urban rail transit network is rather robust to random attacks, but is vulnerable to the largest degree node-based attacks and the highest betweenness node-based attacks. Metro stations with a large node degree are more important in maintaining the network size, while stations with a high node betweenness are critical to network efficiency and origin-destination (OD) connectivity. The most crucial stations in maintaining network serviceability do not necessarily have the highest passenger throughput or the largest structural connectivity. A comprehensive evaluation model as proposed is therefore essential to assess station vulnerability, so that attention can be placed on appropriate nodes within the metro system. The findings of this research are of both theoretical and practical significance for urban rail transit network design and performance evaluation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability Analysis of Urban Rail Transit Networks: A Case Study of Shanghai, China

2015

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“…Of particular importance, new relevant approaches can be developed to assess the reliability of the maritime in the context of the complex network theory (Bichou, 2005;Angeloudis et al, 2006;Bell et. al, 2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Security and Risk-Based Models in Shipping and Ports

Bichou

2008

OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in SECURITY AND RISK-BASED MODELS IN SHIPPING AND PORTS: REVIEW AND CRITICAL ANALYSISRevised 2-12-08 Khalid BichouCentre for Transport Studies, Imperial College London, UK ABSTRACTThe primary aim of maritime security assessment models is to assess the level of security within and across the maritime network. When managing risk through legislation, regulatory assessment models are used to assess risk levels and examine the impact of policy options, usually in terms of the costs and benefits of a regulatory proposal. This paper reviews the development, application and adequacy of existing risk assessment and management models to maritime and port security. In particular, we examine the problematical issues of security perception, value and impact, and discuss the limitations of the current regulatory framework in providing an integrated and effective approach to risk assessment and management, including for supply chain security.

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“…Bell introduces a two-player non-cooperative game between a network user, who seeks to minimize expected travel cost, and an adversary, who chooses link performance scenarios to maximize the travel cost [4,5]. The Nash equilibrium of this game can be used to measure network performance when users are pessimistic and, hence, may be used for cautious network design.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability of Transportation Networks to Traffic-Signal Tampering

Lászka

Potteiger²,

Vorobeychik³

et al. 2016

2016 ACM/IEEE 7th International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (ICCPS)

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Traffic signals were originally standalone hardware devices running on fixed schedules, but by now, they have evolved into complex networked systems. As a consequence, traffic signals have become susceptible to attacks through wireless interfaces or even remote attacks through the Internet. Indeed, recent studies have shown that many traffic lights deployed in practice have easily exploitable vulnerabilities, which allow an attacker to tamper with the configuration of the signal. Due to hardware-based failsafes, these vulnerabilities cannot be used to cause accidents. However, they may be used to cause disastrous traffic congestions. Building on Daganzo's well-known traffic model, we introduce an approach for evaluating vulnerabilities of transportation networks, identifying traffic signals that have the greatest impact on congestion and which, therefore, make natural targets for attacks. While we prove that finding an attack that maximally impacts congestion is NP-hard, we also exhibit a polynomial-time heuristic algorithm for computing approximately optimal attacks. We then use numerical experiments to show that our algorithm is extremely efficient in practice. Finally, we also evaluate our approach using the SUMO traffic simulator with a real-world transportation network, demonstrating vulnerabilities of this network. These simulation results extend the numerical experiments by showing that our algorithm is extremely efficient in a microsimulation model as well.

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Attacker–defender models and road network vulnerability

Cited by 118 publications

References 22 publications

Vulnerability Analysis of Urban Rail Transit Networks: A Case Study of Shanghai, China

Vulnerability Analysis of Urban Rail Transit Networks: A Case Study of Shanghai, China

Security and Risk-Based Models in Shipping and Ports

Vulnerability of Transportation Networks to Traffic-Signal Tampering

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