Attack on tea by Xyleborus fornicatus: Inhibition of the symbiote, Monacrosporium ambrosium, by caffeine

Kumar, N. Savitri; Hewavitharanage, Priyadarshine; Adikaram, N. K. B.

doi:10.1016/0031-9422(95)00396-o

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…For example, given that many plant secondary metabolites are putative defenses against pathogens and herbivores, predictions about allocation patterns for their production should reflect the selective pressures to which they are a response (Berenbaum 1995). Induction of caffeine and/or theobromine synthesis upon attack by fungal pathogens in tea (Camellia sinensis; Kumar et al 1995;Punyasiri et al 2005) and cacao (Theobroma cacao; Aneja and Gianfagna 2001), for example, provides evidence that selective agents may shape the production patterns of these alkaloids. Although plant nutrient concentrations have long been correlated with herbivore preferences (e.g., Mattson 1980), the effect of nitrogen availability on chemical responses to herbivores and pathogens has not been extensively explored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nitrogen fertilizer and gender effects on the secondary metabolism of yaupon, a caffeine-containing North American holly

2006

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Yaupon (Ilex vomitoria) is a caffeine-containing dioecious shrub native to the southeastern United States that was historically brewed into a stimulating beverage. We tested predictions of the carbon/nutrient balance (CNB) hypothesis by determining whether nitrogen availability and gender influence production of caffeine and related alkaloids as well as phenolic compounds in leaves of pot-grown yaupon plants fertilized with ammonium nitrate. The CNB hypothesis predicts that additional nitrogen should result in increased alkaloid concentrations and decreased phenolic concentrations. An extension of the CNB hypothesis to dioecious plants predicts that females have higher C/N ratios and therefore higher phenolic concentrations and lower alkaloid concentrations than male conspecifics. In our study, caffeine and total alkaloid concentrations were 5-10 times higher in fertilized than control plants but did not vary by gender. Nevertheless, an observed interaction between gender and fertilization suggests that females respond more to fertilization than males in caffeine production. In addition, fertilized plants not only contained higher concentrations of alkaloids and total nitrogen but also allocated a larger proportion of their nitrogen to alkaloid production than control plants. Total phenolic concentrations were higher in control females than control males as predicted by the CNB hypothesis, but did not vary by treatment nor were there differences by gender among fertilized plants. We also found high correlations between antioxidant capacity and both classes of phenolic compounds detected in our study (cinnamic acid derivatives and flavonoids) indicating that in addition to their putative defensive function against herbivores, phenolics protect yaupon from oxidative stress. Explanation of the inconsistencies between our data and predictions of the CNB hypothesis may benefit from a re-appraisal of the physiological mechanisms by which resource availability affects secondary metabolism as well as consideration of the selective pressures to which secondary metabolism responds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nitrogen fertilizer and gender effects on the secondary metabolism of yaupon, a caffeine-containing North American holly

2006

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“…This is often followed by infection of the stem with the fungus, Monacrosporium ambrosium, a symbiote of the beetle. The growth of the fungus is inhibited by caffeine and it has been proposed that accumulation of caffeine in tea stems after beetle attack could be a plant defense strategy (Kumar et al, 1995).…”

Section: Chemical Defencementioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine and related purine alkaloids: Biosynthesis, catabolism, function and genetic engineering

Ashihara¹,

Sano²,

Crozier³

2008

Phytochemistry

331

244

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“…The black tea activity can be explained by the highest xanthine concentration, which was demonstrated by Kumar et al, (1995) as being responsible for plant defenses. In recent study, theaflavins present antifungal activities over several strains of Candida spp.…”

Section: The Antifungal Susceptibility Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant and antifungal activities of Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze leaves obtained by different forms of production

et al. 2016

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The antioxidant and anticandidal activities of leaves obtained from Camellia sinensis by non-fermentation (green and white teas), semi-fermentation (red tea) and fermentation method (black tea) were investigated. It was evaluated the total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteau assay; antioxidant capacities were evaluated in vitro using DPPH and ABTS radicals, hypochlorous acid and superoxide anion scavenger assays, induced hemolysis, lipid peroxidation by conjugated diene formation and myeloperoxidase activity. Anticandidal activity was performed on three strains of Candida spp. The results showed that non-fermented teas have a higher concentration of phenolic compounds, and then presented the best inhibitory activity of AAPH-induced hemolysis, the best inhibition of conjugated diene formation and more pronounced antioxidant activity in all tests. The highest anticandidal activity was obtained from fermented tea, followed by non-fermented tea. These results indicate that the antioxidant activity demonstrated has no direct relation with the anticandidal activity.Keywords: teas, fermentation method, Candida spp., phenolic compounds, reactive oxygen species.Atividade antioxidante e antifúngica das folhas de Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, obtidas por diferentes formas de produção ResumoA atividade antioxidante e antifúngica das folhas obtidas da Camellia sinensis pelos métodos de não-fermentação (chás verde e branco), semi-fermentação (chá vermelho) e fermentação (chá preto) foram investigadas. Foi avaliado o conteúdo total de compostos fenólicos pelo método de Folin-Ciocalteau; a capacidade antioxidante foi avaliada in vitro usando os radicais artificiais DPPH e ABTS, o ácido hipocloroso, ensaios do ânion superóxido, hemólise induzida, peroxidação lipídica por formação de dienos conjugados e atividade da Mieloperoxidase. A atividade antifúngica foi obtida sobre três cepas de Candida spp. Os resultados obtidos mostram que os chás não fermentados apresentam a maior concentração de compostos fenólicos e também, apresentam a melhor atividade inibitória, sobre hemólise induzida por APPH, sobre a formação de dienos conjugados e a mais pronunciada atividade antioxidante sobre todos os testes. A maior atividade antifúngica foi obtida pelo chá fermentado, seguido pelo semi-fermentado e não-fermentados. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a atividade antioxidante observada não apresenta relação com a atividade antifúngica.Palavras-chave: chás, métodos de fermentação, Candida spp., compostos fenólicos, espécies reativa de oxigênio.

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Attack on tea by Xyleborus fornicatus: Inhibition of the symbiote, Monacrosporium ambrosium, by caffeine

Cited by 32 publications

References 10 publications

Nitrogen fertilizer and gender effects on the secondary metabolism of yaupon, a caffeine-containing North American holly

Nitrogen fertilizer and gender effects on the secondary metabolism of yaupon, a caffeine-containing North American holly

Caffeine and related purine alkaloids: Biosynthesis, catabolism, function and genetic engineering

Antioxidant and antifungal activities of Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze leaves obtained by different forms of production

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