Attachment of staphylococci to silicone catheters <i>in vitro</i>

Espersen, Frank; Wilkinson, Brian J.; Gahrn-Hansen, Bente; Rosdahl, Vibeke Thamdrup; Clemmensen, Inge

doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1990.tb01059.x

Cited by 35 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…An explanation for the observed phenomenon is that hydrophobic interactions favoring adhesion between the bacteria and the bare PE diminish after protein adsorption, leading to a decreased number of adherent bacteria. 22,23 Thus, unlike the difference in bacterial surface hydrophobicities, the difference in the surface hydrophobicities of the bare PE and host modified PE appear to be large enough to bring about a significant difference in S. epidermidis adhesion. The difference in the surface hydrophobicity of the plasma protein adsorbed PE and bare PE may be qualitatively assessed by observing the behavior of PBS on the PE surface after retrieving an RDS sample from the 1% PPP or PBS test media.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesion ofStaphylococcus epidermidis and transposon mutant strains to hydrophobic polyethylene

Higashi

Wang

Shlaes

et al. 1998

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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Staphylococcus epidermidis capsular polysaccharide adhesin (PS/A) and slime were studied as possible mediators of bacterial adhesion to NHLBI polyethylene (PE) under dynamic flow. This putative interaction was examined by quantifying the adhesion of M187 (PS/A+, slime+) parent strain and isogenic transposon mutant strain sn3 (PS/A-, slime-) to polyethylene (PE) under a range of physiologic shear stress conditions in both phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and 1% platelet poor plasma (PPP). No significant differences in adhesion were noted between the M187 and sn3 strains in either test medium. However, adhesion of both strains in 1% PPP was decreased 75-95% compared to adhesion in PBS. In PBS, adhesion was shear stress dependent from 0-15 dyne/cm2, after which adhesion was comparatively shear stress independent. Adhesion in 1% PPP was independent of shear stress. Epifluorescent imaging of both strains labeled for slime confirmed the presence of slime on the surface of M187 and suggested that PS/A and slime promote the formation of large aggregates, as aggregates were totally absent in the images of the sn3 strain. The results suggest that PS/A and slime do not mediate S. epidermidis adhesion to bare PE or PE with adsorbed plasma proteins, but may be necessary for intercellular adhesion, which is important for biofilm formation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesion ofStaphylococcus epidermidis and transposon mutant strains to hydrophobic polyethylene

Higashi

Wang

Shlaes

et al. 1998

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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“…Serum is obtained by separating whole blood into its solid and liquid components by centrifugation after it has been allowed to clot, thus removing cellular and subcellular components including coagulation factors which are consumed by clot formation. Plasma represents approximately 55 % volume/ volume (v/v) of whole human blood (assuming a hematocrit of 45 %) and includes coagulation factors, albumin, globulins and other factors (Bridges et al 1987 ;Espersen et al 1990 ;Herrmann et al 1988 ). Plasma is an attractive option for use in in vitro biofi lm assays, as most human body fl uids consist of plasma fi ltrates and plasma proteins are present in varying concentrations in human body fl uids to include (percent, v/v): burn wound exudates (10-44 %), acute soft tissue wound exudates (23-36 %), interstitial fl uid (10-27 %), nasal secretions (15-45 %), ascitic fl uid (4-26 %), lymphatic fl uid (10-50 %), and synovial fl uid (1-73 %) (Chang et al 1995 ;Henderson et al 1980 ;Hourigan et al 2010 ;Igarashi et al 1993 ;Lehnhardt et al 2005 ;Miller et al 2000 ;Takeda 1966 ).…”

Section: Infl Uence Of Host Factors On Biofi Lm Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm Formation by Clinical Isolates and Its Relevance to Clinical Infections

Akers

Cardile

Wenke

et al. 2014

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Reports of biofilms have increased exponentially in the scientific literature over the past two decades, yet the vast majority of these are basic science investigations with limited clinical relevance. Biofilm studies involving clinical isolates are most often surveys of isolate collections, but suffer from lack of standardization in methodologies for producing and assessing biofilms. In contrast, more informative clinical studies correlating biofilm formation to patient data have infrequently been reported. In this chapter, biofilm surveys of clinical isolates of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, mycobacteria, and Candida are reviewed, as well as those pertaining to the unique situation of cystic fibrosis. In addition, the influence of host components on in vitro biofilm formation, as well as published studies documenting the clinical impact of biofilms in human infections, are presented.

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“…However, in addition to the competence for primary attachment to polymer surfaces, which is inherent in most S. epidermidis strains (26,32,49,62), it is essential for the S. epidermidis cells to express intercellular adhesion to accumulate in an adherent multilayered biofilm, as the majority of S. epidermidis cells in the biofilm do not have any direct contact to the polymer surface. We recently described a polysaccharide antigen specific for biofilm-producing S. epidermidis strains associated with cell clusters (43,44).…”

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The intercellular adhesin involved in biofilm accumulation of Staphylococcus epidermidis is a linear beta-1,6-linked glucosaminoglycan: purification and structural analysis

et al. 1996

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The primary attachment to polymer surfaces followed by accumulation in multilayered cell clusters leads to biofilm production of Staphylococcus epidermidis, which is thought to contribute to virulence in biomaterialrelated infections. We purified a specific polysaccharide antigen of biofilm-producing S. epidermidis 1457 and RP62A, which was recently shown to have a function in the accumulative phase of biofilm production by mediating intercellular adhesion (D. Mack, M. Nedelmann, A. Krokotsch, A. Schwarzkopf, J. Heesemann, and R. Laufs, Infect. Immun. 62:3244-3253, 1994). Following Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, this antigen was separated by Q-Sepharose chromatography into a major polysaccharide, polysaccharide I (>80%), which did not bind to Q-Sepharose, and a minor polysaccharide, polysaccharide II (<20%), which was moderately anionic. As shown by chemical analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, polysaccharide I is a linear homoglycan of at least 130 ␤-1,6-linked 2-deoxy-2-amino-D-glucopyranosyl residues. On average, 80 to 85% of them are N acetylated; the rest are non-N-acetylating and positively charged. Chain cleavage by deamination with HNO 2 revealed a more or less random distribution of the non-N-acetylated glucosaminyl residues, with some prevalence of glucosaminyl-rich sequences. Cation-exchange chromatography separated molecular species whose content of non-N-acetylated glucosaminyl residues varied between 2 and 26%. Polysaccharide II is structurally related to polysaccharide I but has a lower content of non-N-acetylated Dglucosaminyl residues and contains phosphate and ester-linked succinate, rendering it anionic. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition with various monosaccharides revealed the ␤-anomeric form and the acetylated amino group of the D-glucosaminyl residues as important for reactivity with the specific antiserum. The unbranched polysaccharide structure favors long-range contacts and interactions between polysaccharide strands and the cell wall and/or lectin-like proteins, leading to intercellular adhesion and biofilm accumulation. The structure of the polysaccharide is, so far, considered to be unique and, according to its function, is referred to as S. epidermidis polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA).At present, coagulase-negative staphylococci, mostly Staphylococcus epidermidis, represent the most frequent cause by far of nosocomial sepsis and are the most prominent organisms responsible for infections associated with implanted biomaterials like intravascular catheters, peritoneal dialysis catheters, cerebrospinal fluid shunts, prosthetic heart valves, and prosthetic joints, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality (25,37,54,56).By scanning electron microscopy, coagulase-negative staphylococci were shown to colonize intravascular catheters in large adherent biofilms composed of multilayered cell clusters embedded in an amorphous extracellular material, which is composed of exopolysaccharides referred to as slime or glycocalyx (13,16,28,45,51). In vitro...

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Attachment of staphylococci to silicone catheters in vitro

Cited by 35 publications

References 31 publications

Adhesion ofStaphylococcus epidermidis and transposon mutant strains to hydrophobic polyethylene

Adhesion ofStaphylococcus epidermidis and transposon mutant strains to hydrophobic polyethylene

Biofilm Formation by Clinical Isolates and Its Relevance to Clinical Infections

The intercellular adhesin involved in biofilm accumulation of Staphylococcus epidermidis is a linear beta-1,6-linked glucosaminoglycan: purification and structural analysis

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