Attachment of Algal Cells to Zwitterionic Self-Assembled Monolayers Comprised of Different Anionic Compounds

Abstract

The influence of zwitterionic self-assembled monolayers on settlement and removal of algae was studied. The monolayers were constructed either from zwitterionic thiols or from solutions of positively and negatively charged thiols. The cationic component was composed of quaternary ammonium terminated thiols and the anionic component contained sulfate or carboxylate termination. During assembly, all surfaces showed a strong tendency for equilibration of the surface charge. Settlement and adhesion assays with zoospores of Ulva linza and the diatom Navicula incerta, and field tests of the initial surface colonization revealed the relevance of charge equilibration for the biological inertness of the prepared surfaces.

Marine antifouling performance of polymer coatings incorporating zwitterions

“…These data suggest that, in contrast to SBMA, incorporation of CBMA did improve the AF performance of the underlying LMA coating. This differs from the results of other studies, which have found that pure SBMA self-assembled-monolayers (SAMs) performed better than similar CBMA surfaces in AF assays using the same diatom species (Finlay et al 2013;Bauer et al 2016).…”

“…Inclusion of CBMA, on the other hand, did not affect surface roughness to the same degree, although it did lead to increased Young's modulus and reduced AFM tip adhesion compared to both unmodified LMA and the SBMA-modified coatings. These differences in the effects of the two zwitterions on surface properties would appear to explain why the results are different from similar experiments conducted using pure zwitterionic SAMs (Finlay et al 2013;Bauer et al 2016).…”

Layer-by-layer constructed hyaluronic acid/chitosan multilayers as antifouling and fouling-release coatings

“…After deposition of a maximum of 15 layers (7.5 bilayers), an HA-terminated PEM was obtained. We decided on the HA termination as HA already showed good antifouling performance 18 24 and a negative surface charge is in general found to be superior compared to positive charges 50 .…”

Structural Features of the Algal Cell Determine Adhesion Behavior at a Charged Interface

“…Standard microscopical methods are outstanding in terms of algae species identification, although it is time demanding, and sample preparation can introduce artifacts. As a result, different approaches have been developed for algal cell characterization and separation based on size, electric properties, optical properties, use of magnetic beads, fluorescence, labeled surface biomolecules, adhesion to hydrophobic and hydrophilic materials, and PCR electrochemical detection [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”