Attachment and Borderline Personality Disorder

Buchheim, Anna; Diamond, Diana

doi:10.1016/j.psc.2018.07.010

Cited by 36 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Aberrant approach behavior motivation in the BPD group concurs with clinical experiences in BPD, emphasizing rapid alterations between over-involvement and withdrawal as one of the core symptoms of the disorder 3 and findings from attachment research 47 . Extending the standard MET, the present study provides the first experimental evidence for reduced approach motivation in BPD compared to healthy controls.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Effects of intranasal oxytocin administration on empathy and approach motivation in women with borderline personality disorder: a randomized controlled trial

et al. 2019

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Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by severe interpersonal dysfunction with problems in social cognition, empathy and social approach. Although the neuropeptide oxytocin is known to regulate complex social cognition and behavior in healthy individuals and clinical populations, there is still a lack of evidence for a potential beneficial effect of oxytocin administration on social cognition and social approach in BPD. Fifty-one women with BPD and 51 matched healthy controls were randomized to a double-blind, placebo-controlled, between-subject experimental trial. We administered a single dose of 24 IU oxytocin or placebo intranasally prior to a standardized task measuring affective and cognitive empathy and approach motivation. All participants were free of hormonal contraception and tested in the mid-luteal phase of their menstrual cycle. In the placebo condition, patients with BPD showed reduced cognitive and affective empathy, and less approach behavior motivation than healthy controls. Intranasal oxytocin significantly increased affective empathy and approach motivation in both BPD patients and healthy controls compared to placebo. More importantly, oxytocin administration led to similar scores between BPD and healthy controls. These findings provide the first evidence for a beneficial effect of oxytocin on deficits in affective empathy and approach motivation of BPD. Our results indicate a beneficial effect of a single dose of oxytocin on affective empathy and approach motivation in women with BPD adapting their level of social functioning to healthy controls. Future clinical trials will need to investigate the long-term effects and effectiveness of oxytocin as an add-on treatment for social impairments in BPD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Effects of intranasal oxytocin administration on empathy and approach motivation in women with borderline personality disorder: a randomized controlled trial

et al. 2019

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“…In both cases subjects show greater problems with mentalization, which in turn is related to insecure attachment styles (Bizzi, Ensink, Borelli, Mora & Cavanna, 2019). Likewise, it has been found that in the case of borderline personality disorders, there is a greater propensity to insecure attachment styles and a deficient reflective function (Buchheim & Diamond, 2018). Finally, there is empirical evidence showing that parents with adequate levels of mentalization show greater sensitivity in their interaction with their children, while parents who have low mentalization indicators show a greater propensity to raise their children in an insensitive manner and to foster insecure attachment styles and mentalization deficits in their descendants (Ensink, Borelli, Roy, Normandin, Slade & Fonagy, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the mediating effect of mentalization on the relationship between attachment styles and emotion dysregulation

Parada-Fernández

Herrero-Fernández

Oliva-Macías

et al. 2021

Scandinavian J Psychology

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The current study aims to explore the relationship between attachment styles, mentalization and emotion dysregulation. Moreover, the mediation effect of mentalization in the relationship between attachment and emotion dysregulation is analyzed. A sample composed of 607 participants taken from the Spanish general population completed the measures in a cross‐sectional designed study. The results show that secure attachment is negatively related to emotion dysregulation dimensions, whereas insecure attachment styles show a positive correlation. Furthermore, the mentalization variables are in general significantly related to emotion dysregulation. The mediation model shows a large mediational effect size (f2 = 2.64). The results suggest that mentalization significantly mediates the relationship between emotion dysregulation and preoccupation, self‐sufficiency, and childhood trauma. These results have important implications, as they indicate that clinical interventions on mentalization should reduce emotion dysregulation even in those people with a predominant insecure attachment style.

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“…Unresolved attachment has been linked to impaired cognitive functioning, trauma-related psychopathology, and several biological impairments related to emotional dysregulation [20]. These three types of traits recognized in our sample may represent different patterns of coping and attachment styles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Adults with ADHD are assumed to have a less adaptive coping style, stronger maladaptive schemata and a sense of inadequacy that is related to lower levels of emotional well-being [19]. In addition, borderline personality disorder has been associated with increased occurrence of insecure and especially unresolved attachment representations [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting the Grief Process After Perinatal Loss: A Case Control Study

Kishimoto

Yamaguchi

Niimura

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Factors associated with the grief process in response to perinatal loss have been investigated. However, few studies focused on the intrapersonal factors, such as developmental and personality traits. To investigate medical and psychosocial risk factors, including inter- and intrapersonal factors for the development of complicated grief following perinatal loss, while considering emotional support.Methods: A total of 50 subjects who were treated for grief due to perinatal loss at the National Center for Child Health and Development were divided into two groups according to the treatment period (<6 months: n = 28; ≥6 months: n = 22). We compared medical and psychosocial variables between the two groups using the χ2 test and t-test. All data were further analyzed using a logistic regression model to adjust for confounding effects.Results: Subjects who had traits of developmental/personality disorders (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 7.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21–42.9, P =.030), and those treated with psychoactive drugs (adjusted OR: 5.77, 95% CI: 1.09–30.5, P =.039) required a longer treatment period (≥6 months).Conclusions: Patients with personality/developmental traits and those with active psychiatric symptoms required a more extended treatment period in response to loss, suggesting the accumulation of negative factors in these patients; thus, more intensive and specialized care is necessary for these patients. Precise analysis of the coping style, attachment style, communication skills, and life history including relationship with the original family of the patients may have implications on the approach toward patients with complicated grief after perinatal loss. Studies with larger sample size are required to increase the reliability of the present findings, and future research should address the effects of the differential attachment and coping styles of patients with developmental/personality traits on the grief process.

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Attachment and Borderline Personality Disorder

Cited by 36 publications

References 57 publications

Effects of intranasal oxytocin administration on empathy and approach motivation in women with borderline personality disorder: a randomized controlled trial

Effects of intranasal oxytocin administration on empathy and approach motivation in women with borderline personality disorder: a randomized controlled trial

Analysis of the mediating effect of mentalization on the relationship between attachment styles and emotion dysregulation

Factors Affecting the Grief Process After Perinatal Loss: A Case Control Study

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