Atrial standstill, myocarditis and destruction of cardiac conduction system: Clinicopathologic correlation in a dog

Jeraj, K.; Ogburn, Phillip N.; Edwards, William D.; Edwards, Jesse E.

doi:10.1016/0002-8703(80)90764-4

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A Du c h e n n e -like muscular dystrophy with card i a c i n vo l vement described in cats does not cause PA S . 2 0 In the dog, PAS has been associated with myocarditis, 13,21 Emery-Dreifuss-like muscular dystrophy 8,22 and long-standing cardiac disease. 4 The necropsy findings in this case included loss of atrial cardiocytes in which remaining cells we re widely separated by residual atrial collagenous c o n n e c t i ve tissue and fat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent atrial standstill in a cat

Kittleson

McAloose

1999

Aust Veterinary J

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A domestic shorthaired cat was presented with a 1-month history of cardiomegaly and recurrent chylothorax. The heart rate was 130 beats/min and no P waves were present on a surface electrocardiogram. Thoracic radiographs and an echocardiogram demonstrated severe biatrial dilatation, pleural effusion and restrictive pleural disease. Permanent atrial standstill was suspected. Pleurocentesis was performed and therapy was started with enalapril, frusemide and aspirin. Intracardiac electrograms revealed no atrial activity, and atrial pacing failed to elicit atrial or ventricular depolarisations. The patient was euthanased. Necropsy showed severe atrial wall thinning with marked cardiocyte loss. Persistent atrial standstill is a rare disease in the cat. Clinical signs may have been due to loss of atrial function, ventricular diastolic dysfunction, bradycardia, neurohormonal activation and reduced atrial natriuretic peptide plasma concentrations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent atrial standstill in a cat

Kittleson

McAloose

1999

Aust Veterinary J

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“…In human beings, PAS has been described to occur in conjunction with a number of muscular dystrophy disorders and with amyloidosis and myocarditis [70,71,73e79]. In dogs, although neuromuscular disease, long-standing cardiac disease, and myocarditis have been proposed as cause of PAS, this rhythm disturbance is generally attributed to atrial myopathy [80,81]. Atrial myopathy is characterized by progressive loss of atrial myocardium, with loss of the ability to conduct impulses, histological findings of myocardial necrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and replacement fibrosis.…”

Section: Persistent Atrial Standstillmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atrial myopathy is characterized by progressive loss of atrial myocardium, with loss of the ability to conduct impulses, histological findings of myocardial necrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and replacement fibrosis. Both the atrial myocardium and the conduction system are affected [74,75,79,80,82,83]. In humans, atrial pacing with an output as high as 25 mA is used to confirm the presence or absence of atrial depolarizations [79].…”

Section: Persistent Atrial Standstillmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indications for permanent pacing in dogs and cats

Santilli

Giacomazzi²,

Vázquez³

et al. 2019

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

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Pacemaker implantation is considered as a standard procedure for treatment of symptomatic bradycardia in both dogs and cats. Advanced second-degree and third-degree atrioventricular blocks, sick sinus syndrome, persistent atrial standstill, and vasovagal syncope are the most common rhythm disturbances that require pacing to either alleviate clinical signs or prolong survival. Most pacemakers are implanted transvenously, using endocardial leads, but rarely epicardial leads may be necessary. To decide whether a patient is a candidate for pacing, as well as which pacing modality should be used, the clinician must have a clear understanding of the etiology, the pathophysiology, and the natural history of the most common bradyarrhythmias, as well as what result can be achieved by pacing patients with different rhythm disturbances. The goal of this review was, therefore, to describe the indications for pacing by evaluating the available evidence in both human and veterinary medicine. We described the etiology of bradyarrhythmias, clinical signs and electrocardiographic abnormalities, and the choice of pacing modality, taking into account how different choices may have different physiological consequences to selected patients. It is expected that this review will assist veterinarians in recognizing arrhythmias that may require permanent pacing and the risk-benefit of each pacing modality and its impact on outcome. ª

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“…21,22 A similar cardiac disorder has been observed in human patients with Emery-Dreifuss (scapulohumeral) muscular dystrophy. 8 or no visible muscle.…”

Section: Great Danes and Irish Wolfhoundsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Canine Cardiomyopathy

Prosek¹

2015

Small Animal Critical Care Medicine

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Atrial standstill, myocarditis and destruction of cardiac conduction system: Clinicopathologic correlation in a dog

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Persistent atrial standstill in a cat

Persistent atrial standstill in a cat

Indications for permanent pacing in dogs and cats

Canine Cardiomyopathy

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