Atomization of impinging opposed water jets interacting with an air jet

Xia, Yakang; Khezzar, Lyes; Alshehhi, Mohamed; Hardalupas, Y.

doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2017.12.010

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…The experiment was carried out using a multifunctional waterjet test platform, which had been applied in our previous study. 2,3,14,15,17–26,30–31 Figure 2 shows the experimental setup, which is aimed at obtaining the values of the axial pressures of SRWJ. Since this study is a continuation of our investigations on SRWJ, it should be pointed out that the experiment process and equipment used here were the same with those in our previous ones.…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-speed waterjet technology is experiencing a rapid development in recent years, and it has been applied in a number of practical applications, such as rock breaking, cleaning, coating removal, and materials cutting. 1–3 Compared with the conventional processing methods, this technology leads to no heat-affected zone and can provide largely reduced mechanical damages to the workpiece. 4 With the rapid spread of high-speed waterjet technology, demands for more powerful and efficient waterjet, while at the same time keeping the pump pressure relatively low, are dramatically growing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of the exit aspect ratio of organ-pipe nozzle on the axial pressure oscillation characteristics of self-resonating waterjet

Shi

Kang

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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Self-resonating waterjet is a kind of high-efficient jet being employed in a number of applications. This study aims to enhance the working performance of self-resonating waterjet by providing organ-pipe nozzles with the optimal exit aspect ratio R o. The characteristics of the axial pressure oscillation of the jets were analyzed with the use of six different R o, which were R o = 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. The pressure oscillation peak ( Pmax) and amplitude ( P a) were used to evaluate the effects under two inlet pressures of 10 MPa and 20 MPa. Results show that R o has significant influence on the magnitudes of the pressure oscillations and is able to eliminate the self-resonating pulsations. It was found that both Pmax and P a as a function of the standoff distance shows some differences for different R o, while the inlet pressure is almost independent of the trends of Pmax and P a against the standoff distance for all the six R o. Under the experimental conditions, R o = 5 should be the optimal ratio for creating the largest Pmax and P a. While at inlet pressure of 20 MPa, R o = 4 turns to be a preferred value for generating greater values of the P a. It was also found that the relations of the averaged dimensionless Pmax and P a against the dimensionless standoff distance are linear and cubic, respectively. In addition, the dimensionless Pmax against R o is hardly affected by the inlet pressure and standoff distance, while the dimensionless P a as a function of R o is influenced by the standoff distance more than by the inlet pressure.

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Section: Experimental Setup and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the exit aspect ratio of organ-pipe nozzle on the axial pressure oscillation characteristics of self-resonating waterjet

Shi

Kang

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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“…However, in a solid motor, the plume temperature is usually up to 3000 K and no probe can be used in such an extreme environment. To solve this problem, an optical method such as particle image velocimetry (PIV) and phase Doppler anemometry (PDA) is used to measure gas velocity [5] or droplet velocity [6]. However, there are a large amount of micro‐size particles in the plume of a solid motor, which makes it difficult to use PIV and PDA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real‐Time Plume Velocity Measurement of Solid Propellant Rocket Motors Using TDLAS Technique

Song

Zhao²,

et al. 2021

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Accurate measurement of plume velocity plays an important role in investigation of rocket motors, and the plume velocity is an indicator of energy level of solid propellants. A method based on laser Doppler effect using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is employed in this study. The absorption spectrum of water vapor feature at 1391.7 nm is utilized to measure the plume velocity. Three solid propellants, double‐base (DB), composite modified double‐base (CMDB), and nitrate ester plasticized polyether (NEPE) i. e., are burned in a motor with an internal diameter of 50 mm and their plume velocities are measured with scanned‐WMS‐2f technique. Afterburning reactions in the plume are numerically simulated. The simulations can provide insight into the nuances in measured TDLAS results and give confidence in the result. The results show that TDLAS is a good method to measure plume velocity. The relative standard deviation of the measurements is less than 4 %. The difference between the measured velocity and the simulated one is less than 8.25 %. Additionally, it is found that NEPE has the largest plume velocity, and the velocity of DB is the lowest. Uncertainties of velocity measurement using TDLAS are analyzed. Measurement uncertainty comes from velocity non‐uniformity in the direction perpendicular to the plume direction. Furthermore, it can be found that it is better to put the measurement position close to the nozzle exit to reduce measurement errors.

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“…A number of experimental and computational studies on impinging liquid and air jet atomizers were conducted in the past (Boden et al 1999;Ashgriz 2011;Avulapati and Venkata 2013;Inoue et al 2013;Prabhakaran and Basavanahalli 2013;Delgado 2014, Xia et al 2017;Xia et al 2018a;Xia et al 2018b;Pizziol et al 2018). Avulapati and Ravikrishna (2013) used Particle/Droplet Imaging Analysis (PDIA) to characterize the sprays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Energy Exchange Between Air and Liquid Streams on Spray Characteristics and Atomization Efficiency of Water-Air Impinging Jets

et al. 2019

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The paper evaluates the interaction between atomization quality and atomization efficiency, which has not been understood, although it is commonly observed that the atomization quality of different atomizers does not improve linearly with addition of energy. The results quantify the energy exchange between the air and liquid streams of a twin water impinging jets atomizer and its consequences on atomization characteristics and explain the behavior of quality and efficiency. The liquid jet breakup length, liquid jets separation distance at the breakup region and spray angles were measured with high speed photography and the droplet characteristics, such as spatial distributions of mean droplet velocities and diameters and normalized liquid volume flux with Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA). The results show that the breakup length decreased and the separation distance of the interacting liquid jets at the geometrical 'impingement' region increased rapidly as Air-to-Liquid Momentum Ratio (ALMR) increased and then remained constant for ALMR>9. Spray angles were different on different planes through the spray and generally decreased with increasing ALMR and were insensitive to the liquid jets impingement angle. The spatial distributions of average droplet size, velocity and normalized liquid volume flux in the sprays became elongated normal to the plane of the two liquid jets for larger liquid flow rates, in agreement with the spray angle in the near nozzle region. The spatially-averaged Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) of the sprays quantified uniquely the atomization quality and showed, for the first time, that it did not depend on liquid jets impingement angle. The average SMD remained constant beyond ALMR=9, in agreement with the near nozzle characteristics, which was explained by the energy exchange between the two streams, which reached a maximum for ALMR=3 before reducing and remaining constant for ALMR>9. 2 The atomization efficiency was quantified from the measured spatially-averaged SMD, for the first time, according to formalisms of Lefebvre (1992) and Pizziol et al. (2018). The atomization efficiency of Pizziol et al (2018) increased with the reduction of the liquid flowrate and increase of air flowrate up to Air-to-Liquid mass flowrate Ratio (ALR) of around 0.2 beyond which further increase leads to reduction of efficiency. Although this trend did not agree with Lefebvre, the values of the atomization efficiency of Lefebvre's formalism were around 0.7% of the supplied air kinetic energy, in agreement with the measured energy exchange between the air and liquid streams up to liquid breakup, while the values of Pizziol et al. (2018) were larger, probably due to the additional energy exchange between liquid and gas during secondary ligament breakup.

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Atomization of impinging opposed water jets interacting with an air jet

Cited by 19 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of the exit aspect ratio of organ-pipe nozzle on the axial pressure oscillation characteristics of self-resonating waterjet

Effects of the exit aspect ratio of organ-pipe nozzle on the axial pressure oscillation characteristics of self-resonating waterjet

Real‐Time Plume Velocity Measurement of Solid Propellant Rocket Motors Using TDLAS Technique

Influence of Energy Exchange Between Air and Liquid Streams on Spray Characteristics and Atomization Efficiency of Water-Air Impinging Jets

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