Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in atomic spectrometry and related techniques

Abstract

SUMMARY OF CONTENTS This review covers developments in 'Atomic Spectrometry'. It covers atomic emission, absorption, fluorescence and mass spectrometry, but excludes material on speciation and coupled techniques which is included in a separate review. It should be read in conjunctionwith the other related reviews in the series. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Sample introductionThis section covers developments in sample introduction for all instrumental methods. LiquidsLiquid sample introduction relates to methods wherein the sample is introduced into the instrument in the form of a liquid, such as through nebulization or into a thermal vaporizer; whereas in vapour generation the sample is initially in the form of a liquid but is converted to a vapour prior to introduction into the instrument. Sample pre-treatment.A general review of on-line preconcentration for ICP-MS has been published by Das et al. 7 , covering solid phase methods and including 63 references. Several reviews of sample pretreatment methods used for atomic spectrometry are worth noting because they focus on specific areas: Kocurova et al. 8and Jain and Verma 9 have reviewed advances in DLLME (53 references) and SDME (407 references) respectively; Zhao et al. the same authors studied the stability of the labelled complexes at different pH and temperature, and when subject to separation using LC. They reported a significant decrease in stability when LC separation was used, and some degradation at 37 °C compared to 2 °C.Li et al. An immunoassay-linked method using gold nano-particles has been developed by Jarujamrus et al. 33 . In this approach the monoclonal antibody-chloramphenicol was attached to a solid support. Antigen-chloramphenicol was labelled with gold nano-particles (10 nm) at pH 9.5, attached to a bovine serum albumin protein and mixed with unlabelled antigenchloramphenicol, which was then added to the antibody-chloramphenicol. for U and Th respectively in water samples.

Atomic Spectrometry Update: review of advances in the analysis of clinical and biological materials, foods and beverages

“…This latest Update adds to that from last year 1 and complements other reviews of analytical techniques in the series of Atomic Spectrometry Updates from the last year. [2][3][4][5][6] In a follow-up to previous reviews, Kleparit described developments in CE and microuidic devices used together with MS, as published between January 2010 and June 2012. 7 Particular attention was directed to improvements with interfacing via ICP, ESI and matrix-assisted desorption/ionisation.…”

Atomic spectrometry update: Review of advances in the analysis of clinical and biological materials, foods and beverages

“…Cereals, our and rice 7.2. 5 Vegetables, vegetable oils, fruits and nuts 7.5. 6 Fish and seafood 7.2.7…”

ICP-MS-based characterization of inorganic nanoparticles—sample preparation and off-line fractionation strategies

“…In addition to the size of the individual particles, the aggregation state (in case of TiO 2 , CeO 2 , and ZnO) of the suspensions as well as the solubility of the materials probably influenced the measurements, which might explain the constant RSDs of the Ag ENP suspension, known to dissolve fast [20, 25, 26, 28]. In general, the effects observed are well known and used in SP-ICP-MS, where the concentrations and particle sizes of ENP suspensions are measured on the basis of signals of single particle events [34, 35]. However, in comparison to SP-ICP-MS, in classical ICP-MS measurements higher concentrations and longer dwell times are applied causing an overlay of several, not defined single particle events and an instable steady state signal (illustrated in Fig.…”

“…One increasingly applied technique to quantify directly the total concentration of the particulate and the dissolved fraction of ENP suspensions is single particle ICP-MS (SP-ICP-MS). Even though this method provides a powerful tool for the characterization of most metal-based nanoparticles, it is a rather sophisticated method that demands well-educated and trained operators since several special considerations regarding, e.g., the instrumental parameters (e.g., dwell time or detector dead time), the sample characteristics (e.g., preferably monodisperse suspensions and spherical and solid particles), and handling (e.g., volume and concentration of the sample introduced) or the interpretation of the data have to be taken into consideration [34–36]. …”