Atomic Spectrometry Update–Environmental analysis

Dean, John R.; Butler, Owen T.; Fisher, Arthur D.; GARDEN, LOUIS M.; Cresser, Malcolm S.; Watkins, P J; Cave, Mark

doi:10.1039/a800339d

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 404 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…To date, nonionic surfactants (mainly polyoxyethylenated alkylphenols, from the triton and PONPE series) are those most widely employed for CPE. They are all commercially available of high purity grade, stable, nonvolatile, nontoxic, and environmental friendly . Nonionic surfactants do not contain a specific fixed number of ethylene oxide units, but instead consist of a statistical distribution of homologues (ethoxamer distribution) .…”

Section: Surfactant‐based Liquid Phase Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactant roles in modern sample preparation techniques: A review

Moradi¹,

Yamini

2012

J of Separation Science

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The pressure to decrease organic solvent usage in laboratories is increasing. Thus miniaturization and improvement of sample handling using alternatives is a challenge that has been discussed by several researchers. From this perspective, surfactant-based sample preparations were an educated choice. Since the introduction of cloud point extraction by Watanabe, considerable studies have been focused on the chemical properties of surfactants in the extraction methods. The unique properties of surfactants make them flexible agents for different miniaturized sample preparation techniques based on solid- or liquid-phase extraction. As a result, the use of surfactants with different roles in sample-preparation methodologies (such as surfactant as an emulsifier, surfactant rich phase as an extraction medium, ion pair-based extraction, hemimicelle/admicelle extraction, surfactant-coated magnetic nanoparticle, solid-phase microextraction with micellar desorption) is an important contribution to minimizing the problems arising from preliminary operations, which are the weakest step in analytical measurement. This paper reviews the literature dealing with the application of surfactant-based sample preparations to the separation and the preconcentration of organic and inorganic species.

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Section: Surfactant‐based Liquid Phase Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactant roles in modern sample preparation techniques: A review

Moradi¹,

Yamini

2012

J of Separation Science

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“…By 1994 the use of ICP-MS was becoming more routine and many of the resins, chelating agents and precipitation techniques previously reported were being tried with ICP-MS detection, with increasing levels of automation. Flotation methods started to appear in 1998, 6 where either precipitates or metal chelates are ''floated'' as a surfactant foam on the surface of the sample, to separate them from the aqueous phase, these seem to be a precursor to cloud point extraction. Cloud point extraction is effectively a ''green chemistry'' approach as it is a solventless solvent extraction, with the solvent phase replaced by a surfactant.…”

Section: Sample Separation and Preconcentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 Sulfyhydryl cotton as a solid phase for mercury species extraction was reported in 1998. 6 By 1999 7 there was a veritable explosion in speciation methods, although most were refinements of existing techniques. In this period, non metallic element speciation started to take off with methods published for the speciation analysis of I and/or Br in water.…”

Section: Sample Speciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic Spectrometry Updates: A 25-year retrospective

Butler¹,

Evans²,

Fisher³

et al. 2010

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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“…631 Several examples of such applications were suggested in last year's Update. 4 A novel development this year has been the use of light scattering dominated by two themes linked by ICP-MS. Firstly, that of laser ablation as a sample introduction technique and, secondly, the measurement of isotope ratios using ICP-MS rather 3.7.2. Developments in other inorganic mass spectrometric than other more conventional forms of mass spectrometry.…”

Section: Developments In Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of cadmium and lead in human urine by STAT-FAAS after enrichment on activated carbon

Cave¹,

Butler²,

Cook³

et al. 1999

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Air analysis 3.7.2 Developments in other inorganic mass 1.1 Sample collection and pretreatment spectrometric techniques 1.2 Instrumental analysis 3.8 Developments in X-ray fluorescence spectrometry 1.2.1 Atomic absorption and atomic emission 3.9 Developments in X-ray absorption spectrometry spectrometry Table 3 Summary of analyses of soils, plants and 1.2.2 Atomic fluorescence spectrometry related materials 1.2.3 X-ray fluorescence spectrometry 4 Analysis of geological materials 1.2.4 Mass spectrometry -HClO 4 -HF mixture. Working range of the method was 50-500 mg. LOD 125 mg m−3. Spiked recoveries in the range 98-102% were obtained Hg Rural air AF;CV;G Gas phase HgII collected on KCl coated denuder tubes (described ), desorbed with 1  HCl prior to analysis. Denuder tube showed 98% collection efficiency and did not trap elemental Hg. Concentrations in air were found to be 0.040.15 ng m−3 Hg Ambient air AFS;CV;S Comparison of methods for sampling and analysis of particulates undertaken Hg Urban air AF;CV;S Total particulate mercury ( TPM ) determined using a combined particulate trap/ pyrolyzer based instrument. TPM levels in metropolitan Toronto determined to be in the range 3-91 pg m−3. Preliminary measurements in the Arctic Circle indicated that atmospheric Hg transferred from the gas to particulate phase, as a result of surface ozone depletion chemistry Hg Air AF;-;G Portable instrument with bispiral gold collector developed and evaluated. Calibration using a syringe technique (saturated Hg vapour). Analytical range 1-10 000 ng m−3; LOD 1 pg; precision 5% at 500 pg level Hg Flue gas AF;-;G Commercial AF system with gold amalgamation collector adapted for continuous emission monitoring Hg Exhaled air AF;-;G Commercial AF system with gold amalgamation collection based system adapted for breath sampling Kr Atmospheric MS;-;G Kr81 measured using mass spectrometric techniques samples Pb Ultrafine aerosols AE;F;S Differential mobility particle sizer used to segregate particle sizes. Air-acetylene AF;laser;S flame and LIP used as atomization sources. AE system with a CCD detector also used Pb Ultrafine aerosols AE;F;S See ref. 18 AF;laser;S Pb Street dust MS;ICP;L Total and isotope ratios measured in street dust collected in Manchester and AA;ETA;L Paris. Differences in concentrations and ratios discussed Pb Coal fly-ash AA;ETA;Sl Ground sample mixed with xanthan gum in dilute nitric acid. Suspension subsequently analysed Pb Indoor air AA;ETA;S,Sl Filter cut with a paper punch and a 3 mm diameter disc introduced into the furnace. Fine particles passing through the filter during collection were collected in a dilute HNO 3 solution. Cation exchange fibre was added and the slurry fibre introduced into the furnace Po Airborne RIMS;-;S Chemical isolation from sample followed by electrolytic deposition as hydroxide particulate on a Ta backing which is covered with a Ti layer. By heating the metallic sandwich an atom beam of Po atoms can be produced. LOD 106-107 atoms Pt Airborne MS;ICP;L Methodology explored; limitations ...

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Atomic Spectrometry Update–Environmental analysis

Cited by 24 publications

References 404 publications

Surfactant roles in modern sample preparation techniques: A review

Surfactant roles in modern sample preparation techniques: A review

Atomic Spectrometry Updates: A 25-year retrospective

Determination of cadmium and lead in human urine by STAT-FAAS after enrichment on activated carbon

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