Atomic layer deposition of TiO2 for stabilization of Pt nanoparticle oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

McNeary, W. Wilson; Linico, Audrey E.; Ngo, Chilan; Rooij, Sarah van; Haussener, Sophia; Maguire, Megan E.; Pylypenko, Svitlana; Weimer, Alan W.

doi:10.1007/s10800-018-1226-y

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…After the deposition of Pt on the TiO 2 /C surface, Pt (111), Pt (200), and Pt (220) planes were formed. The XRD peaks of the TiO 2 /Pt/C and Pt/TiO 2 /C catalysts are almost similar to those of Pt/C due to the amorphous structure of the TiO 2 layer . To understand the deposition behavior of both catalysts, the pore size distribution was determined by BET analysis (Figure c).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32−34 To investigate the crystal structure of the Pt catalyst with a TiO 2 layer, XRD analysis (Figure 2b) was conducted. Any peak related to the TiO 2 layer was not detected for the TiO 29 To understand the deposition behavior of both catalysts, the pore size distribution was determined by BET analysis (Figure 2c). The bare carbon support possessed many mesopores of 2−3 nm with macropores.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the contrary, ALD metal oxide (TiO 2 , SnO 2 , etc.) that is stable under acidic conditions can be applied by decorating the catalyst to preserve the activity and prevent the loss of electrochemical characteristics and to enhance the activity. , Some studies of Pt catalysts have been conducted by introducing the ALD oxide, but their findings focused on only the effect of protective metal oxide or produced a significant potential of the ALD metal oxides with respect to catalyst preparation. − In addition, whether the stack structures of ALD-deposited metal oxides on carbon supports or the metal oxides on the surface of metal NPs are more efficient in terms of activity, durability, and PEMFC performance is uncertain. Therefore, systematic ALD growth characteristics and in situ engineering of metal oxides and metal NPs are challenging for the advanced decoration of metal oxide with metal NPs and improving PEMFC durability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Situ Engineering of a Metal Oxide Protective Layer into Pt/Carbon Fuel-Cell Catalysts by Atomic Layer Deposition

et al. 2022

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Degradation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems has emerged as a critical issue. A thin metal oxide layer coated with Pt/carbon via ALD (atomic layer deposition) is one of the potential approaches for preserving electrochemical activity; however, the exact interfacial effects of metal oxide on enhancing PEMFC durability are unclear. Herein, interfacial engineering of the TiO 2 layers within the in situ-synthesized Pt/carbon catalysts (Pt/TiO 2 /C and TiO 2 /Pt/C) was studied using fluidized bed reactor (FBR) ALD to investigate the exact effects of the catalysts. For the Pt/TiO 2 /C catalyst, the TiO 2 layer was first conformally coated on the carbon surfaces, whereas for TiO 2 /Pt/C, the TiO 2 layer was selectively formed on the Pt NP surface via the ALD mechanism. The Pt/TiO 2 /C catalyst has a higher Pt loading with suppressed micropores due to the introduction of the TiO 2 layer on the carbon support, whereas the TiO 2 /Pt/C catalyst remained in the 2−3 nm mesopores. The electrochemical durability of both ALD catalysts is superior to that of the commercial Pt catalyst. Encapsulating the TiO 2 layer on the Pt surface specializing in blocking Pt dissolution resulted in better long-term stability of the electrochemical characteristics compared to the stability of those of Pt/TiO 2 / C, which especially showed the better initial performance of the electrochemically active surface area, oxygen reduction reaction, and PEMFC single-cell performance. This study provides the direction and steps toward an efficient nanostructure design of metal oxide by ALD in most catalyst fields.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Situ Engineering of a Metal Oxide Protective Layer into Pt/Carbon Fuel-Cell Catalysts by Atomic Layer Deposition

et al. 2022

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“…The stabilization of the catalytic system was also the main motivation of TiO 2 deposition onto Pt‐carbon ORR catalysts. Platinum nanoparticles ALD‐grown on HNO 3 ‐functionalized Vulcan XC72R carbon black or commercial Pt/C [ 143 ] powder or onto an assembled Pt/C‐based cathode [ 144 ] were covered with the titania layer in order to avoid degradation of both, the platinum catalyst and the carbonaceous support also susceptible to oxidative degradation under the operational conditions of the fuel cells. In both cases, the TiO 2 layer was grown using Ti(OiPr) 4 and water as the precursors in low numbers (up to 50) of the deposition cycles.…”

Section: Oxygen Reduction Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Atomic Layer Deposition in Design of Systems for Energy Conversion

Plutnar

Pumera

2021

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There is a huge demand for clean energy conversion in all industries. The clean energy production processes include electrocatalytic and photocatalytic conversion of water to hydrogen, carbon dioxide reduction, nitrogen conversion to ammonia, and oxygen reduction reaction and require novel cheap and efficient photo‐ and electrocatalysts and their scalable methods of fabrication. Atomic layer deposition is a thin film deposition method that allows to deposit thin layers of catalysts on virtually any surface of any shape, size, and porosity in an even and easy to control manner. Here the state of the art in applications of atomic layer deposition in the clean energy production and the opportunities it represents for the whole field of the photo‐ and electrocatalysis for a sustainable future are reviewed.

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“…Low-temperature ALD-deposited oxides represent a particularly intriguing class of cladding materials for plasmonic nanostructures since they are optically transparent, chemically stable, highly impermeable, and able to withstand high temperatures. Numerous demonstrations exist where clad metals in the form of substrate-supported nanostructures, films, and bulk surfaces have withstood chemical and thermal environments that would otherwise prove impossible. − ,− ,− Given that many oxides are amenable to ALD depositions where there exist exacting controls over layer thicknesses, there is the potential to design claddings that provide protection to vulnerable metal surfaces while simultaneously allowing them to perform optimally as plasmonic materials. Herein, a systematic study is presented in which three different ALD-deposited oxide claddings (i.e., HfO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and TiO 2 ) are examined for their ability to sustain the plasmonic properties of substrate-based Ag nanostructures in air, H 2 O, and chemically aggressive environments for time intervals lasting up to 200 days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilization of Plasmonic Silver Nanostructures with Ultrathin Oxide Coatings Formed Using Atomic Layer Deposition

et al. 2021

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Even though performance metrics position silver as the preeminent plasmonic material in the visible and near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, it remains underutilized in applications because its properties irreversibly degrade in the environments it must operate. The emergence of shell-isolated plasmonic nanostructures as a distinct class of nanomaterials has, however, created new opportunities for the utilization of silver because its vulnerable surfaces can be encapsulated in a chemically robust transparent shell while maintaining important plasmonic properties. To fully capitalize on this opportunity requires that shell−nanostructure combinations be rationally designed where consideration is given to a parameter space encompassing nanostructure stability–property relationships. Herein, we demonstrate the layer-by-layer deposition capabilities of the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique as a means to design shell-isolated silver nanostructures where the confined structure acts as a built-in plasmonic sensor for spectroscopically evaluating durability in air, water, and chemically aggressive environments. For all cases, appropriately designed oxide shells are shown to provide long-term stability, but where their own surface chemistry and structural integrity become limiting factors in bolstering and preserving plasmonic properties. The work, therefore, forwards the use of ALD-deposited layers for the realization of shell-isolated plasmonic nanostructures that exploit the remarkable properties of silver.

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Atomic layer deposition of TiO2 for stabilization of Pt nanoparticle oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

In Situ Engineering of a Metal Oxide Protective Layer into Pt/Carbon Fuel-Cell Catalysts by Atomic Layer Deposition

In Situ Engineering of a Metal Oxide Protective Layer into Pt/Carbon Fuel-Cell Catalysts by Atomic Layer Deposition

Applications of Atomic Layer Deposition in Design of Systems for Energy Conversion

Stabilization of Plasmonic Silver Nanostructures with Ultrathin Oxide Coatings Formed Using Atomic Layer Deposition

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