Atomic Force Microscopy Study of the Adhesion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

“…They tested the adhesion of single yeast cells to different filtration membranes [643] (Fig. 46) and to mica surfaces [984]. For bacterial spores of Aspergillus niger, they conducted cell probe measurements of adhesion on mica in air [985] as well as in aqueous solution [986].…”

Section: Cell Probe Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Force measurements with the atomic force microscope: Technique, interpretation and applications

Butt

Cappella

Kappl

2005

Surface Science Reports

3,198

2,949

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“…Bowen et al (6) bound metabolically active Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the probe using a chemical adhesive. Also, Benoit et al (4) measured discrete intercellular interactions by using Dictyostelium discoideum attached to the probe via a lectin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Investigation of Pathogenic Microbial Adhesion to a Biomaterial

Emerson

Camesano

2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

116

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Microbial infections of medical implants occur in more than 2 million surgical cases each year in the United States alone. These increase patient morbidity and mortality, as well as patient cost and recovery time. Many treatments are available, but none are guaranteed to remove the infection. In many cases, the device infections are caused by the adhesion of microbes to the implant, ensuing growth, pathogenesis, and dissemination. The purpose of this work is to examine the initial events in microbial adhesion by simulating the approach and contact between a planktonic cell, immobilized on an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever, and a biomaterial or biofilm substrate. The two model microbes used in this study, Candida parapsilosis (ATCC 90018) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145), were chosen for both their clinical relevance and their ease of acquisition and handling in the laboratory setting. Attractive interactions exist between C. parapsilosis and both unmodified silicone rubber and P. aeruginosa biofilms. Using C. parapsilosis cells immobilized on AFM cantilevers with a silicone substrate, we have measured attractive forces of 4.3 ؎ 0.25 nN in the approach portion of the force cycle. On P. aeruginosa biofilms, the magnitude of the attractive force decreases to 2.0 ؎ 0.40 nN and is preceded by a 2.0-nN repulsion at approximately 75 nm from the cell surface. These data suggest that C. parapsilosis may adhere to both silicone rubber and P. aeruginosa biofilms, possibly contributing to patient morbidity and mortality. Characterization of cell-biomaterial and cell-cell interactions allows for a quantitative link between the physicomechanical and physicochemical properties of implant materials and the nanoscale interactions leading to microbial colonization and infection.The development of the microbial biofilm and its importance in medical implant infections have been thoroughly discussed (13, 40). Causing over 2 million infections annually (22), which generate over $11 billion in additional patient costs (36), the biofilm, in a biomedical context, is a system which demands attention.The application of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to biological systems seems advantageous and has been examined by a number of groups, beginning with early work on DNA (26) that was later extended to whole-cell systems. AFM was used to examine the physicochemical properties of microbial surfaces (17) and to characterize lectin-carbohydrate interactions at the nanoscale (42). AFM probes, functionalized with either biomaterial spheres or confluent microbial lawns, were used to characterize bacterial-biomaterial interactions (34,35).Single microbes, immobilized on AFM probes, have also been used to study a variety of surfaces. Bowen et al. (6) bound metabolically active Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the probe using a chemical adhesive. Also, Benoit et al. (4) measured discrete intercellular interactions by using Dictyostelium discoideum attached to the probe via a lectin. We propose to extend these prior techniques by attaching vi...

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“…The stationary phase cells adhered most strongly to mica, and this increased adhesion was correlated with an increased hydrophobicity and lower zeta potential than cells harvested from either exponential or death phases. 61 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesion of Aureobasidium pullulans Is Controlled by Uronic Acid Based Polymers and Pullulan

et al. 2005

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Aureobasidium pullulans is a potentially pathogenic microfungus that produces and secretes the polysaccharide pullulan and other biomacromolecules, depending on the microbe's physiological state. The role of these macromolecules in mediating adhesion and attachment were examined. Interfacial forces and adhesion affinities of A. pullulans were probed for early-exponential phase (EEP) and late-exponential phase (LEP) cells, using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Biochemical assays showed that A. pullulans produces both pullulan and a uronic acid based polymer. The pullulan is not produced until the LEP, and it can be removed by treatment with pullulanase. Both adhesion forces between the microbe and the AFM tip (silicon nitride) and attachment of the cells to quartz sand grains were controlled by the density of the uronic acid polymer. Uronic acid polymers doubled in density between the EEP and the LEP and were unaffected by the enzyme pullulanase. Retention to quartz in a packed column was quantified using the collision efficiency (R), the fraction of collisions between the microbes, and the sand grains, that result in attachment. Adhesion forces and retention on glass were well correlated, with these values being higher for EEP cells (F adh ) 7.65 ( 4.67 nN; R ) 1.15) than LEP (F adh ) 2.94 ( 0.75; R ) 0.49) and LEP + pullulanase cells (F adh ) 2.33 ( 2.01 nN; R ) 0.43). Steric interactions alone do not describe the adhesion behavior of this fungus, but they do provide information regarding the length and density of the macromolecules studied.

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Atomic Force Microscopy Study of the Adhesion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Cited by 147 publications

References 42 publications

Force measurements with the atomic force microscope: Technique, interpretation and applications

Force measurements with the atomic force microscope: Technique, interpretation and applications

Nanoscale Investigation of Pathogenic Microbial Adhesion to a Biomaterial

Adhesion of Aureobasidium pullulans Is Controlled by Uronic Acid Based Polymers and Pullulan

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