Atomic force microscopy imaging of T4 bacteriophages on silicon substrates

Kolbe, W.; Ogletree, D. Frank; Salmerón, M.

doi:10.1016/0304-3991(92)90411-c

Cited by 66 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…The instrument allows simultaneous acquisition of multiple images such as topography, frictional force, and elasticity. The scanner may be operated under ambient laboratory conditions, in vacuum, or in solution (39). The Si 3 N 4 cantilevers were either sharpened microlevers from ThermoMicroscopes (Sunnyvale, CA), with a force constant of 0.1 N͞m, or standard microlevers from Digital Instruments (Santa Barbara, CA) with a force constant of 0.38 N͞m.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positioning protein molecules on surfaces: A nanoengineering approach to supramolecular chemistry

Liu

Amro

2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

183

158

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We discuss a nanoengineering approach for supramolecular chemistry and self assembly. The collective properties and biofunctionalities of molecular ensembles depend not only on individual molecular building blocks but also on organization at the molecular or nanoscopic level. Complementary to ''bottom-up'' approaches, which construct supramolecular ensembles by the design and synthesis of functionalized small molecular units or large molecular motifs, nanofabrication explores whether individual units, such as small molecular ligands, or large molecules, such as proteins, can be positioned with nanometer precision. The separation and local environment can be engineered to control subsequent intermolecular interactions. Feature sizes as small as 2 ؋ 4 nm 2 (32 alkanethiol molecules) are produced. Proteins may be aligned along a 10-nm-wide line or within two-dimensional islands of desired geometry. These high-resolution engineering and imaging studies provide new and molecular-level insight into supramolecular chemistry and self-assembly processes in bioscience that are otherwise unobtainable, e.g., the influence of size, separation, orientation, and local environment of reaction sites. This nanofabrication methodology also offers a new strategy in construction of two-and three-dimensional supramolecular structures for cell, virus, and bacterial adhesion, as well as biomaterial and biodevice engineering. S upramolecular chemistry has become an area of intense research (1-4), partly inspired by biological ensembles in nature, such as collagen and enzymes or protein assemblies in general. In nature, the collective properties and biofunctionalities of these ensembles depend not only on the individual molecular units but also (perhaps even more importantly) on the organization at the molecular or nanoscopic level (1, 2, 4, 5). Such organization dependence can be attributed to polyvalent interactions in biological systems (6). ''Bottom-up'' approaches have been taken to mimic nature and have resulted in creative synthesis of small molecular units (7,8) and large molecular motifs (9). These molecular building blocks contain the desired charge, polarization, or chemical functionalities that will affect intermolecular interactions such as van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, polar attractions, and͞or hydrophobic interactions (7-9). These interactions dictate the subsequent assembly into supramolecular structures (4, 9-11). Complementary to these synthetic approaches, we explore whether individual units such as small molecular ligands or large molecules such as proteins can be positioned with nanometer precision by using nanoengineering methodologies. The separation and local environment can be engineered to influence subsequent intermolecular interactions.Micrometer-sized patterns of biomolecules can be produced by using relatively well known microfabrication technologies. Without using templates, DNA micropatterns may be directly produced by using photolithography (12)(13)(14). Micropatterns of proteins have also been ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positioning protein molecules on surfaces: A nanoengineering approach to supramolecular chemistry

Liu

Amro

2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

183

158

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“…This is possibly due to the higher wettability of more concentrated KOH solution on HOPG. The experiments were performed in an environmental chamber containing a homemade AFM 5 head where the relative humidity ͑RH͒ could be controlled. We used a commercial electronic control unit ͑RHK Technology, Rochester Hills, MI͒ and cantilever ͑Digital Instruments, Santa Barbara, CA͒.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging and manipulation of nanometer-size liquid droplets by scanning polarization force microscopy

Carpick

Salmerón

et al. 1996

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena

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Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.upenn.edu/meam_papers Copyright (1996) Recommended CitationHu, Jun; Carpick, Robert W.; Salmeron, Miquel; and Xiao, Xu-dong, "Imaging and manipulation of nanometer-size liquid droplets by scanning polarization force microscopy" (1996). Departmental Papers (MEAM). 98. http://repository.upenn.edu/meam_papers/98Imaging and manipulation of nanometer-size liquid droplets by scanning polarization force microscopy AbstractUsing atomic force microscopy in noncontact mode, we have imaged nanometer-size liquid droplets of KOH water solutions on the surfaces of highly oriented pyrolitic graphite and mica. On graphite the droplets prefer to be adsorbed on atomic step edges. Droplets on the same step tend to be evenly spaced and of similar size. The droplets can be manipulated by the atomic force microscopy tip allowing the controllable formation of droplet patterns on the surface. Using atomic force microscopy in noncontact mode, we have imaged nanometer-size liquid droplets of KOH water solutions on the surfaces of highly oriented pyrolitic graphite and mica. On graphite the droplets prefer to be adsorbed on atomic step edges. Droplets on the same step tend to be evenly spaced and of similar size. The droplets can be manipulated by the atomic force microscopy tip allowing the controllable formation of droplet patterns on the surface.

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“…AFM is considered more appropriate due to its performing 3D observation in a standard lab environment. As examples, AFM has been applied for morphological studies on hyaluronic acid-collagen/chitosan complex film (Wu et al, 2008), T4 bacteriophage virus particles (Kolbe et al, 1992;Matsko et al, 2001), NIH 3T3 fibroblasts (Kuznetsov et al, 2002) and mouse cardiomyocytes (Kliche et al, 2006). In some applications, AFM was integrated with fluorescence microscope or laser scanning confocal microscope for cell studies (Poole et al, 2004;Zhou et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

AFM membrane roughness as a probe to identify oxidative stress-induced cellular apoptosis

Wang

Chen

Tsai

et al. 2011

Journal of Biomechanics

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Atomic force microscopy imaging of T4 bacteriophages on silicon substrates

Cited by 66 publications

References 16 publications

Positioning protein molecules on surfaces: A nanoengineering approach to supramolecular chemistry

Positioning protein molecules on surfaces: A nanoengineering approach to supramolecular chemistry

Imaging and manipulation of nanometer-size liquid droplets by scanning polarization force microscopy

AFM membrane roughness as a probe to identify oxidative stress-induced cellular apoptosis

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