Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-Mediated Synthesis of Platinum Nanoparticles Stabilized by Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) with Application in Heat Management Systems for Internal Combustion Chambers

Abstract

Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-stabilized Pt nanoparticles (PVP-PtNPs) were produced in a continuous-flow reaction-discharge system by application of direct current atmospheric pressure glow discharge (dc-APGD) operated between the surface of a flowing liquid anode (FLA) and a pin-type tungsten cathode. Synthesized PVP-PtNPs exhibited absorption across the entire UV/Vis region. The morphology and elemental composition of PVP-PtNPs were determined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray scattering (EDX), respectively. As assessed by TEM, PVP-PtNPs were approximately spherical in shape, with an average size of 2.9 ± 0.6 nm. EDX proved the presence of Pt, C, and O. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) confirmed PtNPs functionalization with PVP. As determined by DLS, the average size of PtNPs stabilized by PVP was 111.4 ± 22.6 nm. A fluid containing resultant PVP-PtNPs was used as a heat conductive layer for a spiral radiator managing heat generated by a simulated internal combustion chamber. As compared to water, the use of PVP-PtNPs enhanced efficiency of the system, increasing the rate of heat transfer by 80% and 30% during heating and cooling, respectively.

A Mini-Review on Anion Exchange and Chelating Polymers for Applications in Hydrometallurgy, Environmental Protection, and Biomedicine

“…A few years ago, a significant increase in the interest was observed for using CAPP-based technologies in nanotechnology due to the fact that the ROS and RNS of defined red-ox properties, generated during the CAPP operation, can be used for the synthesis of nanomaterials [58,[62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72]. Bearing in mind a wide range of possibilities for nanomaterials' applications and simplicity of their CAPP-based synthesis, recently our research group developed an innovative and efficient CAPP-based method for the continuous synthesis of nanomaterials, including AuNPs [73][74][75][76], AgNPs [77][78][79][80][81], Au-Ag@NPs [82], and PtNPs [83]. In contrast to the CAPP-based methods suitable for stationary metallic nanostructures' synthesis that were developed and applied by other research groups [62][63][64][65][67][68][69][70][71][72], in the proposed method, the metallic nanostructures are being continuously produced in a flow mode (Figure 8).…”

“…CAPP-based synthesis, recently our research group developed an innovative and efficient CAPPbased method for the continuous synthesis of nanomaterials, including AuNPs [73][74][75][76], AgNPs [77][78][79][80][81], Au-Ag@NPs [82], and PtNPs [83]. In contrast to the CAPP-based methods suitable for stationary metallic nanostructures' synthesis that were developed and applied by other research groups [62][63][64][65][67][68][69][70][71][72], in the proposed method, the metallic nanostructures are being continuously produced in a flow mode (Figure 8).…”

“…In contrast to the CAPP-based methods suitable for stationary metallic nanostructures' synthesis that were developed and applied by other research groups [62][63][64][65][67][68][69][70][71][72], in the proposed method, the metallic nanostructures are being continuously produced in a flow mode (Figure 8). This highly efficient production of metallic nanostructures is associated with the character of the developed reaction-discharge system, employing as a CAPP source either the direct current atmospheric pressure glow discharge (dc-APGD) [73][74][75][76][77][79][80][81][82][83] or pulse-modulated radio-frequency atmospheric pressure glow discharge (pm-rf-APGD) [78,84]. In our studies, the dc-APGD was generated between either the pin-type tungsten electrode [75,76,77,[79][80][81]83] or Ar nozzle [73,74,82] This highly efficient production of metallic nanostructures is associated with the character of the developed reaction-discharge system, employing as a CAPP source either the direct current atmospheric pressure glow discharge (dc-APGD) [73][74][75][76][77][79][80]…”

“…This highly efficient production of metallic nanostructures is associated with the character of the developed reaction-discharge system, employing as a CAPP source either the direct current atmospheric pressure glow discharge (dc-APGD) [73][74][75][76][77][79][80][81][82][83] or pulse-modulated radio-frequency atmospheric pressure glow discharge (pm-rf-APGD) [78,84]. In our studies, the dc-APGD was generated between either the pin-type tungsten electrode [75,76,77,[79][80][81]83] or Ar nozzle [73,74,82] This highly efficient production of metallic nanostructures is associated with the character of the developed reaction-discharge system, employing as a CAPP source either the direct current atmospheric pressure glow discharge (dc-APGD) [73][74][75][76][77][79][80][81][82][83] or pulse-modulated radio-frequency atmospheric pressure glow discharge (pm-rf-APGD) [78,84]. In our studies, the dc-APGD was generated between either the pin-type tungsten electrode [75][76][77][79][80][81]83] or Ar nozzle…”

“…In our studies, the dc-APGD was generated between either the pin-type tungsten electrode [75,76,77,[79][80][81]83] or Ar nozzle [73,74,82] This highly efficient production of metallic nanostructures is associated with the character of the developed reaction-discharge system, employing as a CAPP source either the direct current atmospheric pressure glow discharge (dc-APGD) [73][74][75][76][77][79][80][81][82][83] or pulse-modulated radio-frequency atmospheric pressure glow discharge (pm-rf-APGD) [78,84]. In our studies, the dc-APGD was generated between either the pin-type tungsten electrode [75][76][77][79][80][81]83] or Ar nozzle [73,74,82] and the surface of flowing liquid electrode, being a NPs' precursor solution introduced to the designed reaction-discharge systems. On the other hand, the pm-rf-APGD was generated between the pin-type tungsten electrode and the surface of the flowing liquid electrode [78,84].…”