Atmospheric pollution by PAHs, PCDD/Fs and PCBs simultaneously collected at a regional background site in central Italy and at an urban site in Rome

Menichini, Edoardo; Iacovella, Nicola; Monfredini, Fabio; Turrio-Baldassarri, Luigi

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.04.078

Cited by 86 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Table 3 shows maximum, minimum, and mean concentrations of PAHs associated with particulate matter at the three stations during winter and summer. When comparing these results with findings from other sites in Italy (Menichini et al 1999(Menichini et al , 2007Caricchia et al 1999;Possanzini et al 2004), the levels are comparable or lower than the others, with the exception of Tamburi PAH concentrations, the total being 69.68 ng/m 3 . The very high average concentrations are almost completely due to the 4 days in March when the benz[a]pyrene concentrations were also quite high.…”

Section: Pahssupporting

confidence: 70%

Seasonal Abundance of Particle-Phase Organic Pollutants in an Urban/Industrial Atmosphere

Filippo¹,

Riccardi²,

Pomata³

et al. 2009

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); their derivatives nitro, and methyl-PAHs; n-alkanes; and organic acids were investigated in the aerosol samples collected during two field campaigns conducted at three sampling stations in an industrialized city in southern Italy. The main sources affecting the atmosphere and its toxicity were investigated by means of the diagnostic ratios of: specific particulate-phase PAHs, marker compounds among nitro-PAHs, alkanes, and acids, the dominant wind direction, daily and seasonal abundance of carcinogenic organic substances. The potential importance of the non-regulated pollutants to assess the air quality was confirmed; in fact the carcinogenic organic compounds showed to have scarce correlation with particulate matter (PM) concentration. An exceptionally high variability of toxic compounds at a daily scale was due to meteorological condition causing periods of extremely high pollution levels

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Section: Pahssupporting

confidence: 70%

Seasonal Abundance of Particle-Phase Organic Pollutants in an Urban/Industrial Atmosphere

Filippo¹,

Riccardi²,

Pomata³

et al. 2009

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…2,3 Atmospheric transport is considered as a major pathway for the transfer of PCDD/Fs to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. 4 The atmospheric distribution and fate of PCDD/Fs have been investigated in urban 5À8 and rural sites 9,10 around the world, and even in the polar regions. 11,12 Although the air quality in Chinese major cities has been largely improved in recent years, 13 detailed monitoring of atmospheric PCDD/Fs is still scarce.…”

Section: ' Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Atmospheric Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games

Wang

et al. 2011

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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A total of 120 air samples were collected at three urban and one rural location in Beijing, China in the summers of 2007−2010, and before, during, and after the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games (BOG), in order to assess the effectiveness of long-term and short-term emission-control measures in reducing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the atmosphere. During the BOG (August, 2008), the PCDD/Fs concentrations decreased to an average value of 1150 fg m−3 (63 fg I-TEQ m−3), which was reduced by approximately 70% from the average in 2007 and by 29% from that in July 2008, before the Olympic event began. Although 2009−2010 levels of PCDD/Fs were significantly higher than 2008, the overall temporal trend was decreasing for summer months during the sampling campaign period. The apparent half-lives of atmospheric PCDD/Fs were estimated to be 3.2−5.8 years by statistically regressing the logarithm PCDD/Fs concentrations versus the number of years passed since 2006. The air concentrations of total suspended particulates (TSP) during the BOG ranged between 135 and 183 μg m−3, showing a 52% reduction from 2007 and 26% decrease from those prior to the Olympic event. No significant relationships were found between meteorological parameters (temperature, humidity, and wind speed) and PCDD/Fs or TSP during the BOG, whereas the PCDD/Fs concentrations were significantly dependent on the air quality (p < 0.05, positive against TSP and negative against visibility). This work is one of few temporal trend studies of atmospheric PCDD/Fs in mainland China, and provides unique insight into the effects of large-scale control measures in improving air quality and reducing one of the most ubiquitous and toxic organic pollutants in the environment.

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“…To better understand the atmospheric PCBs levels in Tianjin, comparison were conducted with others as shown in Table 1. In generally, the PCBs levels of Tianjin were lower than European cities (Halsall et al, 1995;Mandalakis et al, 2002;Manodori et al, 2006;Menichini et al, 2007), American cities (Brunciak et al, 2001) and some industrial areas (Cetin et al, 2007;Mari et al, 2008), while higher than Asian and African urban and rural areas (Yeo et al, 2003;Batterman et al, 2009;Syed et al, 2013) as well as background and forest areas (Oehme et al, 1996;Horstmann and Mclachlan, 1998;Menichini et al, 2007;Li et al, 2012b). These results reflected the different commercial PCBs application, emission intensity of the local sources, temperature and humidity among different regions.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Regions In the Worldmentioning

confidence: 74%

Seasonal Variation and Gas/Particle Partitioning of PCBs in Air from Central Urban Area of an Industrial Base and Coastal City -Tianjin, China

Zhang

Chen

2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The 26 air samples were collected from Tianjin urban areas from July 2010 to May 2011 for the analysis of 86 PCB congeners to investigate the gas/particle partitioning of PCBs. The total PCBs concentration (in pg/m 3 ) ranged from 31.28 to 650.33 (mean: 273.77) and showed a significantly seasonal variation as summer > autumn > spring > winter. Gas PCBs accounted for 80.79% of total PCBs. The fraction of each gas PCB homolog increased with the decreasing chlorine atoms. The contribution of gas PCBs to total PCBs showed a strong seasonal variation with summer (94.07%) > autumn (78.91%) > spring (78.19%) > winter (56.02%). Tri-, tetra-and penta-PCBs were the predominantly homologs in Tianjin atmosphere. The natural logarithm of partial pressure of PCBs were well correlated with the inverse absolute environmental temperature (R = 0.79). The steep slope of -4933.64 obtained from Clausius-Clapeyron (C.C) plot indicated the influence of local PCBs sources. In generally, the C.C slopes and the surface-air exchange enthalpy (∆H SA ) for different PCB homologs increased with the increasing chlorine atoms. The fraction of particle bound PCBs were underestimated for PCBs with P L 0 > 10 -3.85 Pa and overestimated for PCB congeners with P L 0 < 10 -3.85 Pa by Junge-Pankow model. The logarithm of particle/gas partitioning coefficients (log K P ) of PCBs were well correlated with the logarithm of respective sub-cooled vapor pressures (log P L 0 ) (R = 0.72) and the octanol-air partition coefficient (log K OA ) (R = 0.77). The slopes for log K P against log P L 0 and log K OA plots were -0.44 and 0.48, deviated significantly from the expected -1 and +1 for the equilibrium state of gas/particle partitioning, possibly explained by the emission of PCBs and particles from the local industries and other sources. The TEQ concentrations (fg/m 3 ) for 12 dioxin-like PCB congeners ranged from 35.628 to 612.796 with the mean value as 144.878.

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Atmospheric pollution by PAHs, PCDD/Fs and PCBs simultaneously collected at a regional background site in central Italy and at an urban site in Rome

Cited by 86 publications

References 37 publications

Seasonal Abundance of Particle-Phase Organic Pollutants in an Urban/Industrial Atmosphere

Seasonal Abundance of Particle-Phase Organic Pollutants in an Urban/Industrial Atmosphere

Reduction of Atmospheric Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games

Seasonal Variation and Gas/Particle Partitioning of PCBs in Air from Central Urban Area of an Industrial Base and Coastal City -Tianjin, China

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