Atmospheric ozone measured by differential absorption lidar over Hefei

Abstract

In this paper L625 UV-DIAL system was described, and ozone measurement method was briefly introduced. Some observation results were presented and discussed. Ozone data were obtained by L625 UV-DIAL system at Hefei for more than two hundred days. The characteristics of ozone vertical profiles are analyzed, its seasonal variation and stratosphere-troposphere exchange process. Two yearly averaged profiles and their standard deviations were presented.

The reception and use of John Dewey's educational ideas by Hu Shi in the Early Republic of China

“…Hu realized that a new democratic republic could not be formed solely by relying on political reform. As he argued in an essay in 1919, “Eight years of bitter failure under a nominal republic has gradually brought young China to the realization that democracy cannot be secured through political change alone and that no democratic government can ever be founded upon a citizenry brought up in the atmosphere of a semi-patriarchal family system imbued with antiquated ideas and ideals and working in a social arrangement where the individual, even the male individual, receives no proper recognition as such” (Hu, 2003 [1919], p. 251).…”

“…Hu embraced the New Culture Movement's commitment to modern “democracy,” but instead of focusing on political democracy, he held that democracy was “no more and no less than the sum-total of all the democratized and democratizing processes—economic, moral, and intellectual” (Hu, 2003[1919], p. 251). For Hu, democracy was not simply a form of political governance but a total conception of social life.…”

“…As he wrote in 1919, “The necessity of popular support in a great movement like this made it imperative to educate the masses; hence the various popular lecture forums, night- and half-day schools, and industrial schools for poor boys and girls. The educative value of such activities cannot be overestimated” (Hu, 2003[1919], p. 25). Hu also noted the many journals that had emerged for the purpose of education.…”

Measurements of Ozone Vertical Profiles in the Upper Troposphere–Stratosphere over Western Siberia by DIAL, MLS, and IASI

“…At present, laser sounding of the ozonosphere is routine. Table 1 presents the main characteristics of lidar complexes at the following lidar stations: Tsukuba (36.05 • N, 140.13 • E), Japan [2,3]; Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP) (43.94 • N, 5.71 • E), France [4,5]; Hefei (31.82 • N, 117.22 • E), China [6,7]; Table Mountain Facility (TMF) (34.4 • N, 117.7 • W), USA [8,9]; Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) (37.1 • N, 76.39 • W), USA [10,11]; Vladivostok (43.3 • N, 132 • E), Russia [12]; Siberian Lidar Station (SLS) (56.50 • N, 85.00 • E), Russia [13,14]; Yangbajing Observatory (30 • 5' N, 90 • 33' E), China [15]. The NDACC network of lidar station was created so that research groups, sounding the gas constituents of the Earth's atmosphere, and, especially, ozone, can interact.…”

Temperature Correction of the Vertical Ozone Distribution Retrieval at the Siberian Lidar Station Using the MetOp and Aura Data

“…In our past work [7], we considered comparisons of ozone vertical distribution (OVD) measurements by the SLS lidar complex and Aura/MetOp satellites in the stratosphere and in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere, where model temperature values were used in the retrieval of lidar OVD. It should be noted that lidar stations similar to SLS operate in different parts of the world: Tsukuba (36.05 • N, 140.13 • E), Japan [8,9]; Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP) (43.94 • N, 5.71 • E), France [10,11]; Hefei (31.82 • N, 117.22 • E), China [12,13]; Table Mountain Facility (TMF) (34.4 • N, 117.7 • W), USA [14,15]; Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) (37.1 • N, 76.39 • W), USA [16,17]; Vladivostok (43.3 • N, 132 • E), Russia [18]; Siberian Lidar Station (SLS) or Tomsk (56.50 • N, 85.00 • E), Russia [19,20]; Yangbajing Observatory (30 • 5 N, 90 • 33 E), China [21].…”