Atmospheric optical turbulence over land in middle east coastal environments: prediction modeling and measurements

Abstract

Beam intensity scintillations, characterized by a refractive-index structure parameter and caused by variations of macrometeorological features of the coastal atmosphere such as air temperature, wind speed and direction, and relative humidity, are examined theoretically and experimentally. In our theoretical analysis we present two well-known models considered separately for over-water and over-land atmospheric optical communication or imaging channels. By means of comparison with our experiments carried out in midland coastal environments in southern and northern Israel, we show the limitations of the models to predict the refractive-index structure Cn2 parameter for both daytime and nighttime turbulent atmospheres in different coastal zone meteorological conditions. We also present an extension of an existing model with two different practical applications that, as is shown experimentally, can be a good predictor of Cn2 for optical atmospheric paths over midland coastal zones.

Physics and applications of atmospheric nonlinear optics and filamentation

“…, where σ θ is the standard deviation of the angle of arrival, Φ is the beam diameter and L the length of the turbulent path [134].…”

Propagation of low-quality laser beams in turbulent air: new fast simulation methods and experimental results

“…L 3 (R 0 denoting the initial beam radius) [14,15], the computed rms value of the beam centroid displacement at the target position must be rescaled by M 2∕3 and not by M, thus taking into account the additional effect of R −1∕3 0 being scaled up by M 1∕3 before propagation. A more detailed outline of this scaling relations can be found in the appendix.…”

Quality Metrics and Reliability Analysis of Laser Communication System

“…During data transmission, the angle between the T x and R x line of sight and the transmitting beam axis must be kept within a fraction of the transmitting beamwidth which may be as smaller as a few micro-radians as discussed in Section-I. In laser communication, the fluctuations of the P r have to be related with the A att and C n 2 to characterise the turbulent channel effects on the propagated data carrying optical beam 8,10,[18][19][20][21][22][23] . The data carrying modulated optical beam cannot be used to measure the A att and the C n 2 since it bears data (information) and its average power get fluctuated at the receiver plane due to the modulation of the beam even under a favorable atmospheric condition 21,23 .…”