Atmospheric input of nitrogen into the North Sea: ANICE project overview

Leeuw, G. de; Cohen, Leo H.; Frohn, Lise M.; Geernaert, G.L.; Hertel, Ole; Jensen, Bente Thoft; Jickells, Tim; Klein, Laura; Kunz, G.J.; Lund, Søren; Moerman, Marcel; Müller, Felix L.; Pedersen, Bo Vest; Salzen, Knut von; Schlünzen, K. Heinke; Schulz, Mıchael; Skjøth, Carsten Ambelas; Sørensen, L.L.; Spokes, L.; Tamm, Susanne; Vignati, E.

doi:10.1016/s0278-4343(01)00043-7

Cited by 39 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Supermicron-mode nitrate (1.0-1.8 and 3.2-18 μm) could be formed through the reactions of gaseous nitric acid with sodium-or calcium-containing coarse particles. NO x can be converted into HNO 3 and combines with NH 3 to form nitrate as a secondary aerosol by photochemical reactions (Watson et al, 1994;de Leeuw et al, 2001). In this study, the nitrate concentration increased by about 8 times during the episode days; the precursor gas of NO 2 concentration ranged from 10 ppb on non-episode days to 32 ppb on episode days.…”

Section: Water-soluble Ionic Speciesmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…The coarse mode-NO 3 -is the result of reactions of nitric acid (HNO 3 ) with sodium chloride or crustal material. De Leeuw et al (2001) suggested that NaNO 3 is formed on the surface of an existing coarse mode sea salt or mineral dust particle, and NaNO 3 and Ca(NO 3 ) 2 can be collected in the coarse mode. A secondary aerosol is formed through the reaction of a natural sea salt or dust with anthropogenic HNO 3 .…”

Section: Water-soluble Ionic Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size Distribution and Water Soluble Ions of Ambient Particulate Matter on Episode and Non-episode Days in Southern Taiwan

Tsai

Lin

Yao

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Distribution of inorganic ions at an urban/industrial/agricultural complex was investigated in southern Taiwan during particulate matter (PM) episode and non-episode periods, and the Micro Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI) and nano-MOUDI were employed to take PM samples. In PM episode periods, the PM significantly increased in mass concentration and in the size ranges of 0.1-1.0 and 1.8-18 μm at the site. Sulfate, nitrate and ammonium were the dominant ionic species and contributed a large fraction of PM mass in different sizes. The nitrate concentration increase on episode days could be attributed to the increase of precursor gas-NO 2 concentration during these periods. In addition, SO 2 was significantly correlated to SO 4 2-in the nuclei mode (PM 0.1 ), which indicated that the gas had transferred into particulate matter. The molar equivalent ratio of {[NO

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Section: Water-soluble Ionic Speciesmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Water-soluble Ionic Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size Distribution and Water Soluble Ions of Ambient Particulate Matter on Episode and Non-episode Days in Southern Taiwan

Tsai

Lin

Yao

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…The air-sea exchange term was replaced in Eq. 2 by the atmospheric deposition term from De Leeuw et al (2001). These authors calculated N deposition for each box of a 30 by 30 km 2 grid mesh, which allows us to make an estimate of the deposition for each ICES box.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the processes controlling the seasonal variations of dissolved inorganic carbon in the North Sea

Bozec

Thomas

Schiettecatte

et al. 2006

Limnology & Oceanography

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We used a seasonal North Sea data set comprising dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2 ), and inorganic nutrients to assess the abiotic and biological processes governing the monthly variations of DIC. During winter, advection and air-sea exchange of CO 2 control and increase the DIC content in the surface and deeper layers of the northern and central North Sea, with the atmosphere supplying CO 2 on the order of 0.2 mol C m 22 month 21 to these areas. From February to July, net community production (NCP) controls the seasonal variations of DIC in the surface waters of the entire North Sea, with a net uptake ranging from 0.5 to 1.4 mol C m 22 month 21 . During the August-December period, NCP controls the seasonal variations of DIC in the southern North Sea, with a net release ranging from 0.5 to 0.8 mol C m 22 month 21 . Similarly, during the April-August period in the deeper layer of the northern North Sea, the NCP was the main factor controlling DIC concentrations, with a net release ranging from 0.5 to 5.5 mol C m 22 month 21 . In the surface layer of the North Sea, NCP on the basis of DIC was 4.3 6 0.4 mol C m 22 yr 21 , whereas, NCP on the basis of nitrate was 1.6 6 0.2 mol C m 22 yr 21 . Under nutrient-depleted conditions, preferential recycling (extracellular) of nutrients and intracellular mechanisms occurred and were responsible for the non-Redfield uptake of DIC versus nitrate and phosphate.Coastal and marginal seas play a key role in the global carbon cycle by linking terrestrial, oceanic, and atmospheric reservoirs (Walsh 1991;Mackenzie et al. 2004). They occupy only 7% of the global ocean surface area but house 10-30% of the global marine primary production (Gattuso et al. 1998). Recent investigations have underlined the importance of coastal seas in the global carbon cycle and the necessity of introducing them into realistic models, notably to quantify the air-sea exchange of CO 2 (Chen 2004; Thomas et al. 2004;Muller-Karger et al. 2005). However, even the latest global estimates of the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO 2 (Sabine et al. 2004) do not include coastal seas in the calculations because of the smallscale variability observed within each marginal sea and between all marginal seas worldwide and because of the difficulty in increasing the spatial resolution of global numerical models.Despite growing interest and debate on the role of all coastal seas in the global carbon cycle, robust estimates of the CO 2 air-sea fluxes are only available for a few individual coastal ecosystems. The air-sea exchange of CO 2 has been more intensively investigated in temperate marginal seas. Marginal seas account for a relatively large portion of the CO 2 uptake of the entire coastal ocean because they cover 55.6% of the total surface area of the coastal ocean (see for overview Borges 2005;Borges et al. 2005;Bozec et al. 2005). The links between air-sea exchange of CO 2 , biological processes, and physical forcing have also been investigated to determine the net community ...

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“…More than half of the nitrate was found in coarse mode, together with most of the Na + from sea salt. [20,21] During the third sampling period, the concentration of nitrate, sulfate and calcium ions at S2 was higher than S1 at PM 2.5−10 , which would be caused by the construction work in the vicinity of the TFT-LCD plant. Generally, the ionic species concentration was high on clear days, especially sulfate (the average concentration ratio of clear days and rainy days was 1.…”

Section: Water-soluble Ionic Species Of Particulate Mattermentioning

confidence: 96%

Concentration characteristics of VOCs and acids/bases in the gas phase and water-soluble ions in the particle phase at an electrical industry park during construction and mass production

Tsai

Huang

Shieh

et al. 2011

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

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The electronics industry is a major business in the Central Taiwan Science Park (CTSP). Particulate samples and 11 water-soluble ionic species in the particulate phase were measured by ionic chromatography (IC). Additionally, acid and base gases were sampled by denuder absorption and analyzed by IC. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were collected in stainless-steel canisters four times daily and analyzed via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Ozone formation potential (OFP) was measured using maximum increment reactivity. In addition, airborne pollutants during (1) construction and (2) mass production were measured. Particulate matter concentration did not increase significantly near the optoelectronic plant during construction, but it was higher than during mass production. SO(2), HNO(2) and NH(3) were the dominant gases in the denuder absorption system. Nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium ions predominated both in PM(2.5) and PM(10-2.5); but calcium ion concentration was significantly higher in PM(10-2.5) samples during construction. Toluene, propane, isopentane, and n-butane may have come from vehicle exhaust. Construction equipment emitted high concentrations of ethylbenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, o-xylene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and toluene. During mass production, methyl ethyl ketone), acetone and ethyl acetate were significantly higher than during construction, although there was continuous rain. The aromatic group constituted >50% of the VOC concentration totals and contributed >70% of OFP.

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Atmospheric input of nitrogen into the North Sea: ANICE project overview

Cited by 39 publications

References 17 publications

Size Distribution and Water Soluble Ions of Ambient Particulate Matter on Episode and Non-episode Days in Southern Taiwan

Size Distribution and Water Soluble Ions of Ambient Particulate Matter on Episode and Non-episode Days in Southern Taiwan

Assessment of the processes controlling the seasonal variations of dissolved inorganic carbon in the North Sea

Concentration characteristics of VOCs and acids/bases in the gas phase and water-soluble ions in the particle phase at an electrical industry park during construction and mass production

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