Atmospheric dryness impacts on crop yields are buffered in soils with higher available water capacity

Kukal, Meetpal S.; Irmak, Suat; Dobos, R.; Gupta, Shivam

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116270

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In addition to direct impacts from higher ET o , ET o drivers can also show independent control on plant functioning in agroecosystems. For instance, increase in ET o has also accompanied increase in VPD (Ficklin & Novick, 2017; Kukal et al, 2023), especially in areas with increasing temperatures and decreasing humidity (Figure 1). VPD has an independent control on stomatal conductance, affecting both photosynthesis and transpiration, and thus, water use efficiency (Novick et al, 2016; Zhang et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rather, a moderate increase in certain constituent variables within the ET o framework such as temperature, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and radiation may improve photosynthetic activity (Anthoni et al, 1999; Niu et al, 2008; White et al, 1999) with a corresponding increase in water use (Doorenbos & Pruitt, 1975), given unlimiting soil water content. Extremely high VPD and extreme (killing) degree days will negatively affect plant growth and development even in humid regions (Butler & Huybers, 2015; Grossiord et al, 2020; Kukal et al, 2023). In water‐limited regions, ET o influence on environmental and agricultural systems is relatively more important and complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drivers of enhanced evaporative demand in U.S. croplands: Determining relative contribution using constrained input scenarios

Kukal

Irmak

et al. 2023

J American Water Resour Assoc

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Altered evaporative demand is a global phenomenon observed over recent decades, however, such change has not been attributed explicitly to specific meteorological drivers, hampering consensus on what has caused such change. Here we investigate exactly how much individual drivers have contributed to long‐term grass‐reference evapotranspiration (ETo) change within conterminous United States (CONUS), with an emphasis on agricultural croplands. Using scenarios that constrain individual drivers i.e., air temperatures (T), relative humidity (RH), solar radiation (Rs), and wind speeds (U2) to their climatologies, we determined their relative contribution toward ETo change at monthly and annual scales. Annual ETo increased by 111 mm, or >2 standard deviations (SD) relative to the 1981–2000 baseline, accompanied by strong increase in Rs (2.7 SD), U2 (2.5 SD), T (1.1 SD), and decreased RH (2.3 SD) in regions that account for one‐third of calories produced in the U.S. Annual ETo increase was attributed primarily to T (relative contribution of 36%), followed by Rs (29%), U2 (18%), and RH (17%) with significant spatial and seasonal variability. During agriculturally critical summer months, Rs was the dominant driver with a 40%–50% relative contribution, and other three drivers were roughly equally important. These findings address demand‐side of agricultural water use and imply long‐term change in crop functions and performance, water security, and planning across aridity gradients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of enhanced evaporative demand in U.S. croplands: Determining relative contribution using constrained input scenarios

Kukal

Irmak

et al. 2023

J American Water Resour Assoc

Self Cite

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“…The combined impacts of warming and humidity change represented by VPD rise are shown to be especially critical to agricultural productivity and water use (Grossiord et al., 2020; Hsiao et al., 2019; Kimm et al., 2020; Kukal & Irmak, 2022; Kukal et al., 2023; Zhang et al., 2021). Resolving the drivers of VPD change at an agriculturally relevant fundamental scale (county‐level) can reveal important implications of these changes on various ecosystems, crop regions, and water resource regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mathematically, it is calculated as the difference between saturation water vapor pressure ( e s ) and actual water vapor pressure ( e a ). There is growing evidence that the Earth's atmosphere is getting dryer as a consequence of VPD increase (Barkhordarian et al., 2019; Kukal et al., 2023; Seager et al., 2015; Yuan et al., 2019), and this trend is likely to continue into the future (Ficklin & Novick, 2017; Yuan et al., 2019). As VPD increases, it causes important changes to a wide range of ecosystem functions and performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling day–night contributions toward altering atmospheric desiccation strength for US croplands

Kukal

Irmak

2023

Agronomy Journal

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Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is the difference between saturation and actual water vapor pressures and is driven by interactions between air temperature and humidity. Globally, VPD observations indicate drying of the atmosphere, while air temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) have changed asymmetrically during daytime versus nighttime. However, whether daytime or nighttime T (Tday and Tnight, respectively) and RH (RHday and RHnight, respectively) have been more important to VPD change is unknown, and so is the seasonal variation of this importance. This research determines the relative contribution of Tday, Tnight, RHday, and RHnight to VPD change observed during 1981–2021 across the conterminous United States. Tday contributed 41% to driving a VPD increase of 2.1 standard deviations (SD), followed by contributions of 25%, 22%, and 12% from RHday, RHnight, and Tnight, respectively. Regions with significant VPD increase have seen increase in Tday (by 1 SD) and Tnight (by 0.9 SD) and a decrease in RHday (by 1 SD) and RHnight (by 3.4 SD). Diurnal asymmetry in warming and drying trends was true for most months, with greater rates of change during the nighttime than daytime. Tday was the dominant driver of the annual mean VPD rise for 70% of the counties, followed by RHday (18%), RHnight (11%), and Tnight (1%). We conclude that warming and drying during the days and nights together explain increased VPD across the US croplands and that climate stressors during days and nights should be viewed independently due to their crop‐specific impacts that vary spatially and seasonally.

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“…The variables observed were Available Water Capacity (AWC) and root length density (RLD) as the main variables. AWC is soil characteristics that determine soil water supply, which is defined as the difference between volumetric water content at field capacity and the permanent wilting point of the soil (Kukal et al 2022). The supporting variables were soil organic carbon, soil aggregate stability and soil penetration resistance.…”

Section: Sampling and Sample Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of coffee agroforestry on available water capacity and root length density in smallholder plantation

KHOIRUNNISAK¹,

PRIJONO²,

WICAKSONO³

2023

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Khoirunnisak A, Prijono S, Wicaksono KS. 2023. The role of coffee agroforestry on available water capacity and root length density in smallholder plantation. Biodiversitas 24: 55-61. The application of coffee agroforestry has several advantages, such as increasing the cycle of nutrients and soil organic matter as well as improving soil physical properties. However, there is still an information gap related to the interaction between coffee plants and shade plant roots. This study aimed to evaluate coffee agroforestry on available water capacity (AWC) and root length density (RLD). The research was carried out at the smallholder coffee plantation in Dampit District in four shade types (coffee-open, shaded with Musa sp., shaded with Gliricidia sp., and shaded with L. leucochepala). Soil and root samples were taken at three depths (0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm) and at two distances (near the coffee stems and between the coffee shade). The variables observed were AWC, RLD, soil organic C, soil aggregate stability, and soil penetration resistance. The result was coffee plants with shade trees increased AWC value and root density compared to coffee-open. The type of shade significantly affected RLD, where shaded with Gliricidia sp., and shaded with L. leucochepala were better than coffee-open. This indicates that there was no root competition between coffee plants and shade trees. However, shaded with Musa sp. had lower RLD than coffee-open. Soil depth had a significant effect on the AWC value and root length density of coffee plants, where the most AWC values ??and coffee root distribution were higher at a depth of 0-20 cm.

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Atmospheric dryness impacts on crop yields are buffered in soils with higher available water capacity

Cited by 6 publications

References 58 publications

Drivers of enhanced evaporative demand in U.S. croplands: Determining relative contribution using constrained input scenarios

Drivers of enhanced evaporative demand in U.S. croplands: Determining relative contribution using constrained input scenarios

Disentangling day–night contributions toward altering atmospheric desiccation strength for US croplands

The role of coffee agroforestry on available water capacity and root length density in smallholder plantation

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