Atmospheric dry deposition on pines in the Eastern Brook Lake Watershed, Sierra Nevada, California

Origin of atmospheric deposition and canopy buffering capacity in stands of radiata pine and pedunculate oak in the Basque Country

“…This may be due to oxidation of the deposited NH 4 + in the canopies or in the collectors at the ''Dur'' site. Nevertheless, the strong positive relationship between both constituents in bulk precipitation (Tables 6 and 7) suggests codeposition, rather than chemical transformation of NH 4 + to nitrate (Bytnerowicz et al, 1992). The estimated total deposition of NO x is similar for the four sites (Table 13), and is higher than that reported for the throughfall flux, suggesting canopy uptake for this constituent.…”

“…Deposition of NH 3 is therefore enhanced by the buffering of protons generated during the dissolution of SO 2 , which causes more deposition of SO 2 (Erisman and Wyers, 1993). A similar pattern of deposition is also expected for nitric acid and ammonia (Bytnerowicz et al, 1992). In this study, it was assumed that amongst the neutralising reactions that take place in the forest canopy, part of the deposited NH 4 + and H + was taken up by foliage.…”

Chemical mass balance and rates of mineral weathering in a high-elevation catchment, west glacier lake, wyoming

“…Dry deposition of solutes has been shown to be signi®cant in completely forested catchments (e.g. Shepard et al, 1989;Bytnerowicz et al, 1992). Shepard et al (1989) demonstrated that dry deposition of base cations may constitute greater than 50% of the total amount of Ca 2 in a north-eastern US hardwood forest.…”

Ozone effects on plants in natural ecosystems

“…Similar to forests in the Transverse Range, the western Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forests are also exposed to a wide range of additional gaseous and particulate pollutants including various sulphur (S) and nitrogenous compounds (Bytnerowicz et al . ; Takemoto et al . ; Fenn et al .…”