Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in the period 1995–2006

Bartnicki, Jerzy; Semeena, V. S.; Fagerli, Hilde

doi:10.5194/acp-11-10057-2011

Cited by 43 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Bartnicki et al, 2011;de Leeuw et al, 2003;Geels et al, 2012a;Hertel et al, 2003;Langner et al, 2009). Model calculations indicate that particular forest ecosystems are exposed to critical load exceedances of nitrogen (Geels et al, 2012b;Hertel et al, 2013).…”

Section: K Hansen Et Al: Ammonia Emissions From Deciduous Forest Afmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia emissions from deciduous forest after leaf fall

et al. 2013

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The understanding of biochemical feedback mechanisms in the climate system is lacking knowledge in relation to bi-directional ammonia (NH₃) exchange between natural ecosystems and the atmosphere. We therefore study the atmospheric NH₃ fluxes during a 25-day period during autumn 2010 (21 October to 15 November) for the Danish beech forest Lille Bøgeskov to address the hypothesis that NH₃ emissions occur from deciduous forests in relation to leaf fall. This is accomplished by using observations of vegetation status, NH₃ fluxes and model calculations. Vegetation status was observed using plant area index (PAI) and leaf area index (LAI). NH₃ fluxes were measured using the relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) method. The REA-based NH₃ concentrations were compared to NH₃ denuder measurements. Model calculations of the atmospheric NH₃ concentration were obtained with the Danish Ammonia MOdelling System (DAMOS). The relative contribution from the forest components to the atmospheric NH₃ flux was assessed using a simple two-layer bi-directional canopy compensation point model. A total of 57.7% of the fluxes measured showed emission and 19.5% showed deposition. A clear tendency of the flux going from deposition of −0.25 ± 0.30 μg NH₃-N m⁻² s⁻¹ to emission of up to 0.67 ± 0.28 μg NH₃-N m⁻² s⁻¹ throughout the measurement period was found. In the leaf fall period (23 October to 8 November), an increase in the atmospheric NH₃ concentrations was related to the increasing forest NH₃ flux. Following leaf fall, the magnitude and temporal structure of the measured NH₃ emission fluxes could be adequately reproduced with the bi-directional resistance model; it suggested the forest ground layer (soil and litter) to be the main contributing component to the NH₃ emissions. The modelled concentration from DAMOS fits well the measured concentrations before leaf fall, but during and after leaf fall, the modelled concentrations are too low. The results indicate that the missing contribution to atmospheric NH₃ concentration from vegetative surfaces related to leaf fall are of a relatively large magnitude. We therefore conclude that emissions from deciduous forests are important to include in model calculations of atmospheric NH₃ for forest ecosystems. Finally, diurnal variations in the measured NH₃ concentrations were related to meteorological conditions, forest phenology and the spatial distribution of local anthropogenic NH₃ sources. This suggests that an accurate description of ammonia fluxes over forest ecosystems requires a dynamic description of atmospheric and vegetation processes

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Section: K Hansen Et Al: Ammonia Emissions From Deciduous Forest Afmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia emissions from deciduous forest after leaf fall

et al. 2013

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“…Indeed, deposition of Nr species is now of particular concern for the Baltic Sea and surrounding seminatural ecosystems as here the atmospheric supply of nitrogen can form an appreciable part of the total nitrogen load; Bartnicki et al (2011) calculated that about one-quarter to one-third of Nr input to the Baltic Sea originates from airborne nitrogen deposited directly onto the sea surface. In addition, part of the nitrogen deposition into the Baltic Sea drainage basin reaches the sea via runoff from land (Seitzinger et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Impacts—Atmospheric Chemistry

Simpson

Bartnicki

Jalkanen

et al. 2015

Regional Climate Studies

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This chapter addresses sources and trends of atmospheric pollutants and deposition in relation to the Baltic Sea region. Air pollution is shown to have important effects, including significant contributions to nitrogen loading of the Baltic Sea area, ecosystem impacts due to acidifying and eutrophying pollutants and ozone, and human health impacts. Compounds such as sulphate and ozone also have climate impacts. Emission changes have been very significant over the past 100 years, although very different for land-and sea-based sources. Land-based emissions generally peaked around 1980-1990 and have since reduced due to emissions control measures. Emissions from shipping have been steadily increasing for decades, but recent measures have reduced sulphur and particulate emissions. Future developments depend strongly on policy developments. Changes in concentration and deposition of the acidifying components generally follow emission changes within the European area. Mean ozone levels roughly doubled during the twentieth century across the northern hemisphere, but peak levels have reduced in many regions in the past 20 years. The main changes in air pollution in the Baltic Sea region are due to changes in emissions rather than to climate change.

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“…Thus areas more than a few hundred km from sources receive most of their N r deposition in precipitation (Bartnicki et al, 2011;de Leeuw et al, 2003;Hertel et al, 2003), except possibly for forests whose aerodynamic roughness maximises dry deposition. Simpson et al (2006) presented calculations of the wet and dry fraction of both oxidised and reduced nitrogen over Europe, calculated with the EMEP MSC-W model for the year 2000.…”

Section: Distribution Between Dry and Wet Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%