Atmospheric deposition of inorganic and organic nitrogen and base cations in Hawaii

Carrillo, Jacqueline; Hastings, Meredith G.; Sigman, Daniel M.; Huebert, B. J.

doi:10.1029/2002gb001892

Cited by 63 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Similar ranges of pH have been recorded both upwind (4.0-5.6) and downwind (4.1-5.6), with non-SO 4 2− sources contributing to the upwind acidity (Nachbar-Hapai et al, 1989;Siegel et al, 1990). Concentrations of major ions, including SO 4 2− , in the Maui bulk deposition are similar to those measured at the northern end of the island chain on Kauai (Carrillo et al, 2002), with the exception of the evaporated Kepuni Gulch samples. Even the spike in excess SO 4 2− must be viewed skeptically, as excess SO 4 2− can be 30% even on remote islands (Galloway et al, 1982).…”

Section: Sulfur Sources In Bulk Depositionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Low δ 34 S values at the 0.3 ka age gradient site (Fig. 3) cannot be interpreted with any confidence because it receives 32 kg S/ha annually in rainfall and an additional 220 kg S/ha from fog deposition (Carrillo et al, 2002) due to its proximity to the East Rift Zone (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Sulfur Sources In Terrestrial Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 contain 1900 to 3400 kg S/ha in the top 50 cm of soil, with the 150 and 1400 ka sites at the lower end of the range. On the island of Kauai, far from modern volcanic emissions, atmospheric deposition can provide 12 kg S/ha annually (Carrillo et al, 2002). Such a rate would supply enough sulfur to equal the stocks in the top 50 cm of age gradient soils in 150 to 300 years, indicating potentially high turnover rates and flow-through of sulfur.…”

Section: Sulfur Sources In Terrestrial Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Steep spatial gradients of volcanic and marine sulfur in Hawaiian rainfall and ecosystems

Bern

Chadwick

Kendall

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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• Sources of sulfur in Hawaiian ecosystems were investigated via sulfur isotopes.• Basalt, sea-salt, volcanic and marine biogenic emissions have distinct isotope ratios.• Atmospheric deposition sources of sulfur dominated all but one site investigated.• Steep gradients of marine vs. volcanic atmospheric deposition were found.• Gradients occurred with distance to the coast and elevation. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Sulfur, a nutrient required by terrestrial ecosystems, is likely to be regulated by atmospheric processes in welldrained, upland settings because of its low concentration in most bedrock and generally poor retention by inorganic reactions within soils. Environmental controls on sulfur sources in unpolluted ecosystems have seldom been investigated in detail, even though the possibility of sulfur limiting primary production is much greater where atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic sulfur is low. Here we measure sulfur isotopic compositions of soils, vegetation and bulk atmospheric deposition from the Hawaiian Islands for the purpose of tracing sources of ecosystem sulfur. Hawaiian lava has a mantle-derived sulfur isotopic composition (δ 34 S VCDT) of − 0.8‰. Bulk deposition on the island of Maui had a δ 34 S VCDT that varied temporally, spanned a range from +8.2 to + 19.7‰, and reflected isotopic mixing from three sources: sea-salt (+ 21.1‰), marine biogenic emissions (+ 15.6‰), and volcanic emissions from active vents on Kilauea Volcano (+ 0.8‰). A straightforward, weathering-driven transition in ecosystem sulfur sources could be interpreted in the shift from relatively low (0.0 to +2.7‰) to relatively high (+17.8 to +19.3‰) soil δ 34 S values along a 0.3 to 4100 ka soil age-gradient, and similar patterns in associated vegetation. However, sub-kilometer scale spatial variation in soil sulfur isotopic composition was found along soil transects assumed by age and mass balance to be dominated by atmospheric sulfur inputs. Soil sulfur isotopic compositions ranged from +8.1 to +20.3‰ and generally decreased with increasing elevation (0-2000 m), distance from the coast (0-12 km), and annual rainfall (180-5000 mm). Such trends reflect the spatial variation in marine versus volcanic inputs from atmospheric deposition. Broadly, these results illustrate how the sources and magnitude of atmospheric deposition can exert controls over ecosystem sulfur biogeochemistry across relatively small spatial scales.Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Section: Sulfur Sources In Bulk Depositionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Sulfur Sources In Terrestrial Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sulfur Sources In Terrestrial Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Steep spatial gradients of volcanic and marine sulfur in Hawaiian rainfall and ecosystems

Bern

Chadwick

Kendall

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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“…In Fig. 5b we show that total gas N fluxes (Ϸ2-9 kg of N per hectare per year) are appreciable when compared with the range of total N inputs (including biological N 2 fixation, rain, and cloud water deposition) of Ͻ6 kg of N per hectare per year in Hawaiian forests which are not immediately downwind of active volcanoes (25,15). In the drier forests, our fluxes do not differ substantially from short-term, chamber-based measures of oxidized N ( Fig.…”

Section: Elimination Of Two Competing Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…We sampled cloud water by an active collector mounted on a telescoping tower 15 m above the ground (25). We collected soil water from silica gel lysimeters at a 35-cm depth by using slight vacuum pressure (32 cm of Hg) over 72 h (14).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotopic evidence for large gaseous nitrogen losses from tropical rainforests

Houlton¹,

Sigman

Hedin³

2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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306

358

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The nitrogen isotopic composition ( 15 N͞ 14 N) of forested ecosystems varies systematically worldwide. In tropical forests, which are elevated in 15 N relative to temperate biomes, a decrease in ecosystem 15 N͞ 14 N with increasing rainfall has been reported. This trend is seen in a set of well characterized Hawaiian rainforests, across which we have measured the 15 N͞ 14 N of inputs and hydrologic losses. We report that the two most widely purported mechanisms, an isotopic shift in N inputs or isotopic discrimination by leaching, fail to explain this climate-dependent trend in 15 N͞ 14 N. Rather, isotopic discrimination by microbial denitrification appears to be the major determinant of N isotopic variations across differences in rainfall. In the driest climates, the 15 N͞ 14 N of total dissolved outputs is higher than that of inputs, which can only be explained by a 14 N-rich gas loss. In contrast, in the wettest climates, denitrification completely consumes nitrate in local soil environments, thus preventing the expression of its isotope effect at the ecosystem scale. Under these conditions, the 15 N͞ 14 N of bulk soils and stream outputs decrease to converge on the low 15 N͞ 14 N of N inputs. N isotope budgets that account for such local isotopic underexpression suggest that denitrification is responsible for a large fraction (24 -53%) of total ecosystem N loss across the sampled range in rainfall.climate ͉ isotope ͉ tropics ͉ ecosystem ͉ global change

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Reconciling modeled and observed atmospheric deposition of soluble organic nitrogen at coastal locations

Ito

Lin

Penner

2014

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Atmospheric deposition of reactive nitrogen (N) species from air pollutants is a significant source of exogenous nitrogen in marine ecosystems. Here we use an atmospheric chemical transport model to investigate the supply of soluble organic nitrogen (ON) from anthropogenic sources to the ocean. Comparisons of modeled deposition with observations at coastal and marine locations show good overall agreement for inorganic nitrogen and total soluble nitrogen. However, previous modeling approaches result in significant underestimates of the soluble ON deposition if the model only includes the primary soluble ON and the secondary oxidized ON in gases and aerosols. Our model results suggest that including the secondary reduced ON in aerosols as a source of soluble ON contributes to an improved prediction of the deposition rates (g N m À2 yr À1). The model results show a clear distinction in the vertical distribution of soluble ON in aerosols between different processes from the primary sources and the secondary formation. The model results (excluding the biomass burning and natural emission changes) suggest an increase in soluble ON outflow from atmospheric pollution, in particular from East Asia, to the oceans in the twentieth century. These results highlight the necessity of improving the process-based quantitative understanding of the chemical reactions of inorganic nitrogen species with organics in aerosol and cloud water.

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Atmospheric deposition of inorganic and organic nitrogen and base cations in Hawaii

Abstract: [1] Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) and base cations was measured for 5-7 years on the island of Hawaii and for 1.

Cited by 63 publications

References 60 publications

Steep spatial gradients of volcanic and marine sulfur in Hawaiian rainfall and ecosystems

Steep spatial gradients of volcanic and marine sulfur in Hawaiian rainfall and ecosystems

Isotopic evidence for large gaseous nitrogen losses from tropical rainforests

Reconciling modeled and observed atmospheric deposition of soluble organic nitrogen at coastal locations

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