Reconciling modeled and observed atmospheric deposition of soluble organic nitrogen at coastal locations

Ito, Akinori; Lin, Guang; Penner, Joyce E.

doi:10.1002/2013gb004721

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 139 publications

(218 reference statements)

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“…This present-day N-SOA flux estimate (2 TgN yr 21 ) is from five-to eightfold lower than earlier estimates, which neglect the NO x dependence [10 TgN yr 21 (Kanakidou et al 2012) and 17.6 TgN yr 21 (Ito et al 2014)]. This indicates the large uncertainty associated with the chemistry of ON aerosols, and this introduces an uncertainty of at least 25%-35% in the global deposition fluxes of soluble ON and about 10% in the global TN deposition.…”

Section: B Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Thus, the present study accounts for ON primary emissions as well as chemical formation of ON in secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Unlike recent ON global modeling studies (Kanakidou et al 2012;Ito et al 2014Ito et al , 2015 the N-containing SOA formation, when it is not originating from amines, is here considered to occur only when sufficient nitrogen oxides (NO x ) are available. It is also the first time that expected future changes in ON atmospheric deposition based on human-driven emission scenarios are evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Past, Present, and Future Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition

Kanakidou

Myriokefalitakis

Daskalakis

et al. 2016

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

249

148

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Reactive nitrogen emissions into the atmosphere are increasing as a result of human activities, affecting nitrogen deposition to the surface and impacting the productivity of terrestrial and marine ecosystems. An atmospheric chemistry-transport model [Tracer Model 4 of the Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (TM4-ECPL)] is here used to calculate the global distribution of total nitrogen deposition, accounting for the first time for both its inorganic and organic fractions in gaseous and particulate phases and past and projected changes due to anthropogenic activities. The anthropogenic and biomass-burning Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) historical and RCP6.0 and RCP8.5 emissions scenarios are used. Accounting for organic nitrogen (ON) primary emissions, the present-day global nitrogen atmospheric source is about 60% anthropogenic, while total N deposition increases by about 20% relative to simulations without ON primary emissions. About 20%-25% of total deposited N is ON. About 10% of the emitted nitrogen oxides are deposited as ON instead of inorganic nitrogen (IN), as is considered in most global models. Almost a threefold increase over land (twofold over the ocean) has been calculated for soluble N deposition due to human activities from 1850 to present. The investigated projections indicate significant changes in the regional distribution of N deposition and chemical composition, with reduced compounds gaining importance relative to oxidized ones, but very small changes in the global total flux. Sensitivity simulations quantify uncertainties due to the investigated model parameterizations of IN partitioning onto aerosols and of N chemically fixed on organics to be within 10% for the total soluble N deposition and between 25% and 35% for the dissolved ON deposition. Larger uncertainties are associated with N emissions.

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Section: B Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past, Present, and Future Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition

Kanakidou

Myriokefalitakis

Daskalakis

et al. 2016

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

249

148

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“…This study uses the Integrated Massively Parallel Atmospheric Chemical Transport model [ Rotman et al , ; Liu et al , ; Feng and Penner , ; Ito et al , , , , , ; Lin et al , ; Xu and Penner , ; Ito , ; Ito and Shi , ]. The model is driven by assimilated meteorological fields from the Goddard Earth Observation System (GEOS) of the NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office with a horizontal resolution of 2.0° × 2.5° and 59 vertical layers.…”

Section: Model Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do dust emissions from sparsely vegetated regions dominate atmospheric iron supply to the Southern Ocean?

Ito

Kok

2017

JGR Atmospheres

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Atmospheric deposition of dust aerosols is a significant source of exogenous iron (Fe) in marine ecosystems and is critical in setting primary marine productivity during summer. This dust‐borne input of Fe is particularly important to the Southern Ocean, which is arguably the most biogeochemically important ocean because of its large spatial extent and its considerable influence on the global carbon cycle. However, there is large uncertainty in estimates of dust emissions in the Southern Hemisphere and thus of the deposition of Fe‐containing aerosols onto oceans. Here we hypothesize that sparsely vegetated surfaces in arid and semiarid regions are important sources of Fe‐containing aerosols to the Southern Ocean. We test this hypothesis using an improved dust emission scheme in conjunction with satellite products of vegetation cover and soil moisture in an atmospheric chemistry transport model. Our improved model shows a twofold increase of Fe input into the Southern Ocean in austral summer with respect to spring and estimates that the Fe input is more than double that simulated using a conventional dust emission scheme in summer. Our model results suggest that dust emissions from open shrublands contribute over 90% of total Fe deposition into the Southern Ocean. These findings have important implications for the projection of the Southern Ocean's carbon uptake.

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“…Atmospheric deposition of reactive nitrogen (N) species from air pollutants is a significant source of exogenous nitrogen in marine ecosystems (Ito et al, 2014). The necessity of improving the process-based quantitative understanding of the chemical reactions of inorganic nitrogen species with organics in aerosol and cloud water is highlighted.…”

Section: Atmospheric Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%