Atmospheric contaminants on graphitic surfaces

Martínez-Martín, David; Longuinhos, R.; Izquierdo, J. G.; Marele, Antonela C.; Alexandre, Simone S.; Jaafar, Miriam; Gómez-Rodríguez, Jose Mari a; Bañares, Luis; Soler, José M.; Gomez-Herrero, Julio

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2013.04.056

Cited by 82 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…20,33,34,35 In practical terms, and may additionally contribute to the observed differences. After 24 hours shown in Figure 2b, the final thickness remains ca.…”

Section: Water Wettability and Surface Energymentioning

confidence: 89%

“…33,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 islands may also form on MoS2 which will additionally influence the ellipsometry results because the polarized light will simultaneously interact with contaminant islands and bare substrate. 34 …”

Section: Water Wettability and Surface Energymentioning

confidence: 97%

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Understanding the Intrinsic Water Wettability of Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS₂)

Kozbial¹,

Gong²,

et al. 2015

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2D semiconductors allow for unique and ultrasensitive devices to be fabricated for applications ranging from clinical diagnosis instruments to low-energy light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Graphene has championed research in this field since it was first fabricated; however, its zero bandgap creates many challenges. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), e.g., MoS2, have a direct bandgap which alleviates the challenge of creating a bandgap in graphene-based devices. Water wettability of MoS2 is critical to device fabrication/performance and MoS2 has been believed to be hydrophobic. Herein, we report that water contact angle (WCA) of freshly exfoliated MoS2 shows temporal evolution with an intrinsic WCA of 69.0 ± 3.8° that increases to 89.0 ± 3.1° after 1 day exposure to ambient air. ATR-FTIR and ellipsometry show that the fresh, intrinsically mildly hydrophilic MoS2 surface adsorbs hydrocarbons from ambient air and thus becomes hydrophobic.

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“…20,33,34,35 In practical terms, and may additionally contribute to the observed differences. After 24 hours shown in Figure 2b, the final thickness remains ca.…”

Section: Water Wettability and Surface Energymentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Water Wettability and Surface Energymentioning

confidence: 97%

Understanding the Intrinsic Water Wettability of Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS₂)

Kozbial¹,

Gong²,

et al. 2015

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“…Contamination has been observed both from processing steps as well as spontaneous adsorption of atmospheric species under ambient conditions 4,7 . These contamination layers can confound the analysis of the graphene since a single nanometer of organic contamination will contain more carbon atoms than a single-layer of graphene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Organic Contamination from Graphene with a Controllable Mass-Selected Argon Gas Cluster Ion Beam

et al. 2015

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Since the discovery of graphene, organic surface contamination has posed difficulties both for accurate characterization of the material's intrinsic properties and for development of graphene devices. In this study, we investigate the use of a mass-selected argon gas cluster ion beam for removing organic contaminants, such as residual polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), from single-layer graphene. The influence of cluster ion size, energy and ion dose has been investigated to identify the important factors for minimizing damage to the graphene layer during the cleaning process. Raman spectroscopy was used to analyse the variation in the D-peak and G-peak intensity ratio, an indicator of damage to the graphene lattice, as a function of ion beam dose and kinetic energy per atom (E/n) in the cluster ions.Using a mass-selected 5.0 keV Ar 5000 beam with a dose of 5.00 ions/nm 2 , we were able to demonstrate removal of polymer residue and other carbonaceous material from single-layer CVD-grown graphene whilst minimizing the damage to the graphene itself. This demonstrates that the mass-selected argon cluster ion beam is a suitable, industry-relevant technology for use in large scale production of commercially-desirable CVD-grown graphene.

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“…101 Additionally, Li et al reported contamination of graphene surfaces by airborne hydrocarbons. 77 Once freshly synthesized G/Cu is exposed to ambient air, hydrocarbons adsorb onto the initially high energy surface and WCA concurrently decreases.…”

Section: Gomez-herrero Et Al Reported Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contaminamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…76,101,303,304 In practical terms, this means that increasing concentration of contaminants in the environment will concurrently affect both the adsorption rate of contaminants onto a surface and the total thickness of adsorbed contaminants. Our previous work on HOPG alluded to this phenomenon showing that degree of contamination was affected by lab location, i.e., local environmental conditions which influence concentration and type of contaminants in the atmosphere.…”

Section: 299mentioning

confidence: 99%