Understanding the intrinsic water wettability of graphite

Kozbial, Andrew; Li, Zhiting; Sun, Jianing; Gong, Xiao; Zhou, Feng; Wang, Yongjin; Xu, Haochen; Liu, Haitao; Li, Lei

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2014.03.025

Cited by 189 publications

(284 citation statements)

References 245 publications

(420 reference statements)

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“…It was demonstrated that the presence of graphene layer on the Cu substrate delays the wetting process, as compared to the uncoated Cu substrate, while wetting behavior of liquid tin on the C Gn /Cu substrate was found to be very similar to that on uncoated pure Cu. Thus, the results obtained in Ref 20 did not clearly confirm the existence of graphene wetting transparency effect with liquid tin as it was previously reported for inorganic liquids or water in Ref [14][15][16][17][18][19]. On the other hand, the results of structural characterization performed by Sobczak et al (Ref 20) on crosssectioned solidified sessile drop couples showed the presence of interfacial intermetallic compound layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…To our best knowledge, reported literature data on wetting properties of graphene-coated surfaces are limited to water and organic liquids showing the wetting behavior and the contact angle values similar to those of uncoated surfaces (Ref [14][15][16][17][18]). This phenomenon, described by Rafiee et al (Ref 19) as the graphene wetting transparency, has been also theoretically predicted by molecular dynamic simulations (Ref 19) and confirmed experimentally for different low-temperature liquids and various types of substrate materials [Cu foil (Ref 16), HOPG (Ref 17), graphite (Ref 17), Si (Ref 19)].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction Between Graphene-Coated SiC Single Crystal and Liquid Copper

Homa

Sobczak

et al. 2018

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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The wettability of graphene-coated SiC single crystal (C Gn /SiC sc ) by liquid Cu (99.99%) was investigated by a sessile drop method in vacuum conditions at temperature of 1100°C. The graphene layer was produced via a chemical vapor deposition routine using 4H-SiC single crystal cut out from 6¢¢ wafer. A dispensed drop technique combined with a non-contact heating of a couple of materials was applied. The Cu drop was squeezed from a graphite capillary and deposited on the substrate directly in a vacuum chamber. The first Cu drop did not wet the C Gn /SiC sc substrate and showed a lack of adhesion to the substrate: the falling Cu drop only touched the substrate forming a contact angle of h 0 = 121°and then immediately rolled like a ball along the substrate surface. After settling near the edge of the substrate in about 0.15 s, the Cu drop formed an asymmetric shape with the right and left contact angles of different values (h R = 86°and h L = 70°, respectively), while in the next 30 min, h R and h L achieved the same final value of $ 52°. The second Cu drop was put down on the displacement path of the first drop, and immediately after the deposition, it also did not wet the substrate (h = 123°). This drop kept symmetry and the primary position, but its wetting behavior was unusual: both h R and h L decreased in 17 min to the value of 23°and next, they increased to a final value of 65°. Visual observations revealed a presence of $ 2.5-mm-thick interfacial phase layer reactively formed under the second drop. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations revealed the presence of carbon-enriched precipitates on the top surface of the first Cu drop. These precipitates were identified by the Raman spectroscopy as double-layer graphene. The Raman spectrum taken from the substrate far from the drop revealed the presence of graphene, while that obtained from the first drop displacement path exhibited a decreased intensity of 2D peak. The results of SEM investigations and Raman spectroscopy studies suggest that the presence of graphene layer on the SiC substrate suppresses but does not completely prevent chemical interaction between liquid Cu drop and SiC. Both chemical degradation (etching) and mechanical degradation of the graphene layer during drop rolling due to high adhesion of the Cu drop to the SiC substrate are responsible for mass transfer through the 2nd drop/substrate interface that in turn results in significant changes of structure and chemistry of the drop and the interface.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction Between Graphene-Coated SiC Single Crystal and Liquid Copper

Homa

Sobczak

et al. 2018

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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“…is reported that wettability of carbon materials (graphene and graphite) can be affected by the accumulation of airborne contaminants (mainly hydrocarbons) deposited on the surface with time, as reflected by an increase in contact angle (CA) of aqueous droplets on those surfaces after being exposed to air (with the biggest CA change seen within 10-15 min). 44 Obviously, the time scale of the effect will depend on the environment (cleanliness) and so we also studied the time effect on the wettability of HOPG by placing a droplet of either 5 mM Fe(ClO 4 ) 3 solution (in 0.1 M HClO 4 ) or pure water on AM HOPG surfaces that were cleaved and subsequently exposed in air for different time. As seen from Figure 5, the CA of the Fe(ClO 4 ) 3 solution on freshly cleaved HOPG surface is smaller than observed previously (and also in this study) with pure water (vide infra), 9, 37 possibly due to the surface tension changes upon addition of electrolytes, 45 which can influence the CA, according to Young's equation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemistry of Fe^3+/2+ at highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) electrodes: kinetics, identification of major electroactive sites and time effects on the response

Zhang

Tan

Patel

et al. 2016

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the 'permanent WRAP url' above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. derived from simulation of the experimental results, which fell into the range of the values reported for metal eletrodes, e.g. platinum and gold, despite the remarkable difference in density of electronic states (DOS) between HOPG and metal electrodes. This provides further evidence that outer-sphere redox processes on metal and sp 2 carbon electrodes appear to be adiabatic. Complementary surface electroactivity mapping of HOPG, using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy, reveal the basal plane to be the predominant site for the Fe 3+/2+ redox process. It is found that time after cleavage of the HOPG surface has an impact on the surface wettability (and surface contamination), as determined by contact angle measurements, and that this leads to a slow deterioration of the kinetics. These studies further confirm the importance of understanding and evaluating surface structure and history effects in HOPG electrochemistry, and how high resolution measurements, coupled with macroscopic studies provide a holistic view of electrochemical processes.

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“…As mentioned above, a fully graphitic carbon normally has a water contact angle of ca. 90°(after long-time exposure to air [86,87]), but this form of carbon can be obtained only by heat-treatment in Ar at 2000°C or higher [1,32]. In this work, the carbon powders were heat-treated only up to 1500°C in N 2 , so their surfaces are expected to be less hydrophobic than graphite, with a water contact angle of <90°.…”

Section: Water Vapor Sorption (Wvs) Studymentioning

confidence: 98%

Wettability of colloid-imprinted carbons by contact angle kinetics and water vapor sorption measurements

Banham

Feng

et al. 2015

Carbon

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Understanding the intrinsic water wettability of graphite

Cited by 189 publications

References 245 publications

Interaction Between Graphene-Coated SiC Single Crystal and Liquid Copper

Interaction Between Graphene-Coated SiC Single Crystal and Liquid Copper

Electrochemistry of Fe^3+/2+ at highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) electrodes: kinetics, identification of major electroactive sites and time effects on the response

Wettability of colloid-imprinted carbons by contact angle kinetics and water vapor sorption measurements

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Understanding the intrinsic water wettability of graphite

Cited by 189 publications

References 245 publications

Interaction Between Graphene-Coated SiC Single Crystal and Liquid Copper

Interaction Between Graphene-Coated SiC Single Crystal and Liquid Copper

Electrochemistry of Fe3+/2+ at highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) electrodes: kinetics, identification of major electroactive sites and time effects on the response

Wettability of colloid-imprinted carbons by contact angle kinetics and water vapor sorption measurements

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Electrochemistry of Fe^3+/2+ at highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) electrodes: kinetics, identification of major electroactive sites and time effects on the response