Atmospheric Concentrations and Sources of Trace Metals at the South Pole

Zoller, William H.; Gladney, Ernest S.; Duce, Robert A.

doi:10.1126/science.183.4121.198

Cited by 634 publications

(230 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 18.0 and Canoco for Windows 4.5. Calculation To indicate the enrichment factor (EF) of the sediments, heavy metals was considered to be the symbol of environmental risk (Zoller et al, 1974). The EF was calculated as follows:…”

Section: Sample Treatment and Measurement Physical And Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution and environmental risk of major elements in surface sediments associated Manwan Dam in Lancang River, China

Zhao

Dong

Sylvie

et al. 2015

EJSS

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Article Info Received : 13.07.2014 Accepted : 22.11.2014 Bulk elements and grain sizes in sediments collected at upstream and downstream of Manwan Dam were studied to demonstrate the spatial distribution of heavy metals in the sediments and to assess their risk. Correlation analysis showed that the spatial distribution of Cd, Zn and Mg were significantly affected by dam construction. PCA analysis demonstrate that Cd and Zn were both controlled by Ca, As, Pb, organic matter and clay. Mg was controlled by silt, Al, P and K. The risk assessment demonstrated that the pollution of Cd, As, Zn were more serious than other heavy metals. Fine-grained sediments with higher risk level were found in the section near the upstream of dam, while coarse-grained ones with lower risk level were found in the section far away from the downstream of dam. The sections in tributary were lower in risk than those in the main stream. Heavy metal concentrations in the mainstream sediments were influenced by dam construction and those in tributary were influenced by both dam construction and human activities in locality. Unusual high concentrations of Cd, As, and Zn in both sections implied that more pollution prevention measures are needed in the Manwan Dam in order to prevent increased heavy metal pollutions in the Lancang-Mekong River.

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Section: Sample Treatment and Measurement Physical And Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution and environmental risk of major elements in surface sediments associated Manwan Dam in Lancang River, China

Zhao

Dong

Sylvie

et al. 2015

EJSS

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“…The enrichment factor of the element is generally estimated as a normalized concentration ratio of an element in the sample to that in the continental crust, 12 which is expressed by…”

Section: Estimation Of Enrichment Factors For the Elements In Pm10 Samentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characterization of Airborne Particulate Matter in Ambient Air of Nagoya, Japan, as Studied by the Multielement Determination with ICP-AES and ICP-MS

et al. 2007

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“…The EF concept was developed to evaluate the degree of anthropogenic contribution to heavy metal contamination (Zoller et al 1974). The formula is…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the heavy metal contamination of soils in the water-level fluctuation zone upstream and downstream of the Manwan Dam, Lancang River

et al. 2014

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Purpose The intersections of the terrestrial and aquatic systems (water-level fluctuation zones, WLFZs) suffer from the increasing pressure of hydroelectric construction and operation. Taking WLFZs upstream and downstream of Manwan Dam (first dam completed in Lancang River) as an example, the dam operation impacts on the heavy metals in soils in WLFZs were assessed. Materials and methods In December 2011, 117 soil samples were collected in the WLFZs and infralittoral reference zones (IRZs) with respect to heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) and metalloid (As) concentrations. Their concentrations were determined with the application of inductively coupled plasma atomic absorption spectrometry, ICP-AES. Enrichment factor (EF), ecological risk index (RI) and principal component analysis (PCA) were employed for element contamination and ecological risk assessment and source identification, respectively. The multivariable statistic approaches, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a paired-samples T test were performed in the data analysis.Results and discussion Parts of element concentrations in the upstream were significantly higher than those in the downstream and significant differences existed between the WLFZs and IRZs. No significant difference was detected between the different water elevations in the WLFZs. Compared to the soil quality guidelines, As and Cd exceeded the standard in both the WLFZs and IRZs. In addition, the water-level fluctuation during the submergence increased the enrichment degree and risk level in the WLFZs. The sources of the studied elements could be divided into natural factors and anthropogenic inputs. In addition, the submergence changed the major contaminants in the upstream WLFZs. Conclusions The results verified that dam operation had an effect on the heavy metals in the soils in WLFZs. In addition, this study proposed a useful tool (modified enrichment factor) to assess the enrichment degree caused by the water-level fluctuation. Assessing the heavy metal contamination of soils in WLFZs could be an important first step to the rational management of the dam operation.

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Atmospheric Concentrations and Sources of Trace Metals at the South Pole

Cited by 634 publications

References 15 publications

Spatial distribution and environmental risk of major elements in surface sediments associated Manwan Dam in Lancang River, China

Spatial distribution and environmental risk of major elements in surface sediments associated Manwan Dam in Lancang River, China

Chemical Characterization of Airborne Particulate Matter in Ambient Air of Nagoya, Japan, as Studied by the Multielement Determination with ICP-AES and ICP-MS

Assessing the heavy metal contamination of soils in the water-level fluctuation zone upstream and downstream of the Manwan Dam, Lancang River

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